ArticleProbiotics and antimicrobial proteins2024
Isolation and Characteristics of Extracellular Vesicles Produced by Probiotics: Yeast Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 and Bacterium Streptococcus salivarius K12.
Article in Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Microbial extracellular vesicles from min pigs remodel macrophage polarization via STING to sustain intestinal immune homeostasis.Gut microbes · 2026Article
- Article
- From Yeast Probiotics to Postbiotics: A Continuum Model and Yeast-Specific Functional Perspective.Cells · 2026Review
- Extracellular Vesicles fromPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Extracellular Vesicles from the Probiotic YeastNutrients · 2026Article
- Impact of extracellular vesicles from various species of Candida fungi on the cross-species interactions with human epithelial cells.Archives of microbiology · 2026Article
- From biogenesis to host modulation: the expanding biology of oral streptococcal membrane vesicles.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2026Review
- Characteristics of Two Saccharomyces cerevisiae Strains and Their Extracellular Vesicles as New Candidates for Probiotics.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Article
- Functional properties ofMicrobiology (Reading, England) · 2025Article
- Exploring the potential of bacterial-derived EVs for targeted enzyme replacement therapy: mechanisms, applications, and future directions.Archives of microbiology · 2025Review
- Article
- Synergistic effects ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- The Role of Proteomics in Identification of Key Proteins of Bacterial Cells with Focus on Probiotic Bacteria.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Food-derived extracellular vesicles in the human gastrointestinal tract: Opportunities for personalised nutrition and targeted therapeutics.Journal of extracellular biology · 2024Article
- Stress Conditions Affect the Immunomodulatory Potential ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Numerous probiotic microorganisms have repeatedly been shown to produce nanometer-sized structures named extracellular vesicles (EVs). Recently, it has been suggested that similarly to whole microbial cells, EVs produced by probiotics may also demonstrate health benefits to the host, while their application does not involve the risk of infection caused by live microorganisms. In this work, we isolated EVs from two probiotic species originating from different taxonomic domains - yeast Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 and bacterium Streptococcus salivarius K12. The diameters of S. boulardii EVs were about 142 nm and for S. salivarius EVs about 123 nm. For S. boulardii EVs, 1641 proteins and for S. salivarius EVs, 466 proteins were identified with a liquid chromatography-coupled tandem mass spectrometry and then functionally classified. In both microbial species, metabolic proteins significantly contributed to the cargo of EVs comprising 25% and 26% of all identified vesicular proteins for fungi and bacteria, respectively. Moreover, enzymes associated with cell wall rearrangement, including enzymatically active glucanases, were also identified in EVs. Furthermore, probiotic EVs were shown to influence host cells and stimulate the production of IL-1β and IL-8 by the human monocytic cell line THP-1, and, at the same time, did not cause any remarkable reduction in the survival rate of Galleria mellonella larvae in this invertebrate model commonly used to evaluate microbial EV toxicity. These observations suggest that the EVs produced by the investigated probiotic microorganisms may be promising structures for future use in pro-health applications.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.