SynthesisWorld journal of urology2023
Impact of sex on the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in kidney and urothelial cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in World journal of urology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sex, Timing, and Outcomes of Curative-Intent Immunotherapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.JAMA network open · 2026Pooled it
- Sex-based heterogeneity in response to first-line immunotherapy plus chemotherapy in advanced esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma: a meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Adjuvant Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors for Muscle-Invasive Urothelial Carcinoma: An Updated Systematic Review, Meta-analysis, and Network Meta-analysis.Targeted oncology · 2025Pooled it
- Chrono-immunotherapy in genitourinary oncology: From emerging evidence to clinical translation (Review).Oncology letters · 2026Review
- A real-world comparison of nivolumab plus cabozantinib and pembrolizumab plus lenvatinib focusing on safety outcomes in metastatic renal cell carcinoma: results from the JK-FOOT consortium.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2026Article
- Sex-based analysis of first-line immune-based combinations in intermediate/poor-risk papillary, chromophobe, and unclassified renal cell carcinoma: an ARON-1 subanalysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Real-World Outcomes of Ipilimumab Plus Nivolumab for Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: A National Population-Based Cohort Study.Targeted oncology · 2025Article
- Pembrolizumab-axitinib versus nivolumab-cabozantinib as first-line therapy in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma: a retrospective real-world comparison (ARON-1).Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2025Article
- Sex as modifier of survival in patients with advanced urothelial cancer treated with pembrolizumab.Scientific reports · 2025Observational
- Sex and survival outcomes in patients with renal cell carcinoma receiving first-line immune-based combinations.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2024Observational
- The influence of sex hormones on renal cell carcinoma.Therapeutic advances in medical oncology · 2024Review
- Sex differences in cancer and immunotherapy outcomes: the role of androgen receptor.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Letter to the editor for the article "Comparison between different neoadjuvant chemotherapy regimens and local therapy alone for bladder cancer: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of oncologic outcomes".World journal of urology · 2023Article
- Advancements in systemic therapy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer: A systematic review from the beginning to the latest updates.Bladder cancer (Amsterdam, Netherlands)Review
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 11 institutions in 12 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeTo analyze and summarize the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) alone or in combination therapy for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and urothelial carcinoma (UC) stratified by sex.
methodsThree databases were queried in October 2022 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) analyzing RCC and UC patients treated with ICIs. We analyzed the association between sex and the efficacy of ICIs in RCC and UC patients across several clinical settings. The outcomes of interest were overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival for the metastatic setting and disease-free survival (DFS) for the adjuvant setting.
resultsOverall, 16 RCTs were included for meta-analyses and network meta-analyses. In the first-line treatment of metastatic RCC (mRCC) and UC (mUC) patients, ICI-based combination therapies significantly improved OS compared to the current standard of care, regardless of sex. Adjuvant ICI monotherapy reduced the risk of disease recurrence in female patients with locally advanced RCC (pooled hazard ratio [HR]: 0.71, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.55-0.93) but not in male patients, and, conversely, in male patients with muscle-invasive UC (pooled HR: 0.80, 95%CI 0.68-0.94) but not in female patients. Treatment ranking analyses in the first-line treatment of mRCC and mUC showed different results between sexes. Of note, regarding adjuvant treatment for RCC, pembrolizumab (99%) had the highest likelihood of improved DFS in males, whereas atezolizumab (84%) in females.
conclusionsOS benefit of first-line ICI-based combination therapy was seen in mRCC and mUC patients regardless of sex. Sex-based recommendations for ICI-based regimens according to the clinical setting may help guide clinical decision-making.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.