ArticleJournal of diabetes science and technology2024
Assessing Barriers and Adherence to Insulin Injection Technique in People With Diabetes: Development and Validation of New Assessment Tools.
Article in Journal of diabetes science and technology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 citations in OpenAlex.
- Development and validation of a Chinese insulin medication literacy scale for patients with diabetes mellitus.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe correct injection technique is crucial for people with insulin therapy. However, barriers to insulin injections exist, which can lead to problems with injections. In addition, injection behavior may deviate from recommendations leading to lower adherence to the correct injection technique. We developed two scales to assess barriers and adherence to the correct technique.
methodsTwo item pools were created to assess barriers to insulin injections (barriers scale) and adherence to the correct technique (adherence scale). In an evaluation study, participants completed the two newly created scales, as well as other questionnaires used for criterion validity. Exploratory factor analysis, correlational analysis, and receiver operating characteristics analysis were computed to analyze the validity of the scales.
resultsA total of 313 people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes using an insulin pen for insulin injections participated. For the barriers scale, 12 items were selected achieving a reliability of 0.74. The factor analysis revealed three factors namely emotional, cognitive, and behavioral barriers. For the adherence scale, nine items were selected achieving a reliability of 0.78. Both scales showed significant associations with diabetes self-management, diabetes distress, diabetes acceptance, and diabetes empowerment. Receiver operating characteristics analysis showed significant area under the curves for both scales in classifying people with current skin irritations.
conclusionsReliability and validity of the two scales assessing barriers and adherence to insulin injection technique were demonstrated. The two scales can be used in clinical practice to identify persons in need of education in insulin injection technique.
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