ArticleFrontiers in oncology2023
Young patients show poor efficacy for immune checkpoint inhibitor combined therapy in metastatic gastrointestinal cancers.
Article in Frontiers in oncology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immunotherapy with guts: a review of microbial therapeutic adjuncts for immunotherapy in solid tumors.The oncologist · 2026Review
- Impact of immune-related adverse events on treatment outcomes in advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Co-targeting CDK4/6 enhances anti-cancer activity and alleviates immune-related adverse events of anti-PD-1 antibody for breast cancer.Cell reports. Medicine · 2025Article
- Exceptional responders to immunotherapy in pancreatic cancer: A multi-institutional case series of a rare occurrence.Oncotarget · 2025Article
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors plus chemotherapy in the first-line treatment of young unresectable gastric cancer patients: a multicentre real-world study.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
- Serum IL-6 predicts immunotherapy-related adverse and outcome in advanced gastric and esophageal cancer patients with Anti-PD-1 treatment.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Clinical biomarkers for thyroid immune-related adverse events in patients with stage III and IV gastrointestinal tumors.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: The impact of age on the efficacy and safety of immunotherapy remains controversial. The previous studies simply classified patients into younger and older groups, which might not reflect the real impact of young age on immunotherapy efficacy. The current study aimed to explore the efficacy and safety of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) combined therapy in young (aged 18-44 years), middle-aged (aged 45-65 years), and old (aged >65 years) patients with metastatic gastrointestinal cancers (GICs), and further determine the role of immunotherapy in young patients. Methods: Patients with metastatic GIC including esophageal cancer (EC), gastric cancer (GC), hepatocellular cancer (HCC), and biliary tract cancer (BTC) who received ICI combination therapy were enrolled, divided into young (aged 18-44 years), middle-aged (aged 45-65 years), and old (aged >65 years) groups. The clinical characteristics, objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and immune-related adverse events (irAEs) were compared among three groups. Results: A total of 254 patients were finally included, with 18, 139, and 97 cases in the young (aged 18-44 years), middle-aged (aged 45-65 years), and old (aged >65 years) groups, respectively. Compared to middle-aged and old patients, young patients had lower DCR (all Conclusion: Younger GIC patients (aged 18-44 years) showed poor efficacy for ICI combined therapy, and irAEs could be used as a clinical biomarker to predict ICI efficacy in metastatic GIC patients.
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