ReviewMolecular biology reports2023
Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) pathway in the immunopathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS); molecular approaches.
Review in Molecular biology reports, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Curcumin regulates P2X7R level to inhibit TGF-β, NOX1, and MMP-3 expression in ox-LDL-treated macrophages.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- Growth Differentiation Factor 11 Is a Circulating Regulator of Oligodendrocyte Differentiation and CNS Myelin Formation and Repair.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026Article
- Article
- Serum Aquaporin-4 Antibody Status and TGF-β in Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder: Impact on Astrocyte Function and Correlation with Disease Activity and Severity.Neurology international · 2025Article
- Insights into the Molecular Mechanisms and Novel Therapeutic Strategies of Stenosis Fibrosis in Crohn's Disease.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Impact of the Transforming Growth Factor β (TGF-β) on Brain Aneurysm Formation and Development: A Literature Review.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- Neuroinflammation and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Recent Advances in Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines as Therapeutic Strategies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- The immunological role of oligodendrocytes: beyond myelin maintenance.Discovery immunology · 2025Review
- Review of evidence linking exposure to environmental stressors and associated alterations in the dynamics of immunosenescence (ISC) with the global increase in multiple sclerosis (MS).Immunity & ageing : I & A · 2024Review
- Evidence for TGF-β1/Nrf2 Signaling Crosstalk in a Cuprizone Model of Multiple Sclerosis.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- 25 Hydroxyvitamin D and Cytokine Profile in Patients With Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis.Cureus · 2024Article
- Transforming Growth Factor Beta and Alveolar Rhabdomyosarcoma: A Challenge of Tumor Differentiation and Chemotherapy Response.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Aerobic training and vitamin E administration ameliorates cardiac apoptosis markers in rats exposed to methamphetamine.European journal of translational myology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionMultiple sclerosis (MS) is an acute demyelinating disease with an autoimmune nature, followed by gradual neurodegeneration and enervating scar formation. Dysregulated immune response is a crucial dilemma contributing to the pathogenesis of MS. The role of chemokines and cytokines, such as transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), have been recently highlighted regarding their altered expressions in MS. TGF-β has three isoforms, TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3, that are structurally similar; however, they can show different functions.
resultsAll three isoforms are known to induce immune tolerance by modifying Foxp3 DISCUSSION: To develop novel neuroimmunological treatment strategies for MS, the optimal strategy could be the one that causes immune modulation, induces neurogenesis, stimulates remyelination, and prevents excessive scar formation. Therefore, regarding its immunological properties, TGF-β could be an appropriate candidate; however, contradictory results of previous studies have questioned its role and therapeutic potential in MS. In this review article, we provide an overview of the role of TGF-β in immunopathogenesis of MS, related clinical and animal studies, and the treatment potential of TGF-β in MS, emphasizing the role of different TGF-β isoforms.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.