ArticleCommunications biology2023
The cellular and immunological dynamics of early and transitional human milk.
Article in Communications biology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed.
- Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence in Nutrition Research: Analytical Methods, Applications, and Key Considerations.The Journal of nutrition · 2026Review
- Human milk: insights on cell composition, organoids and emerging applications.Pediatric research · 2026Review
- Immunomodulatory Role of Milk on Gut Microbiota: Implications for Enhancing Oral Vaccine Efficacy.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Review
- Methods for Preserving Human Milk Cellular and Milk Fat Globule RNA.Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia · 2026Article
- Functional shifts in immune composition follow lactation stage in human milk.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Impact of lactation stage, maternal age, and parity on mammary epithelial cell populations in fresh milk.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Unravelling the effect of parity on immunoglobulins, cytokines and adipokines in human transitional milk and their association with infant infections during the first 6 months of life.International breastfeeding journal · 2025Article
- Integrated 'omics analysis reveals human milk oligosaccharide biosynthesis programs in human lactocytes.iScience · 2025Article
- Genomic characterization of normal and aberrant human milk production.Science advances · 2025Article
- Defining breast epithelial cell types in the single-cell era.Developmental cell · 2025Review
- Integrating the milk microbiome signatures in mastitis: milk-omics and functional implications.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2025Review
- Dynamic changes in the gut microbiota of SPF Bama piglets during breast and formula feeding.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Impact of breastfeeding and formula feeding on immune cell populations and blood cell parameters: an observational study.The Journal of international medical research · 2024Observational
- Presepsin in Human Milk Is Delivery Mode and Gender Dependent.Nutrients · 2024Article
- Effects of human donor milk on gut barrier function and inflammation:Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Human milk is essential for infant nutrition and immunity, providing protection against infections and other immune-mediated diseases during the lactation period and beyond in later childhood. Milk contains a broad range of bioactive factors such as nutrients, hormones, enzymes, immunoglobulins, growth factors, cytokines, and antimicrobial factors, as well as heterogeneous populations of maternal cells. The soluble and cellular components of milk are dynamic over time to meet the needs of the growing infant. In this study, we utilize systems-approaches to define and characterize 62 analytes of the soluble component, including immunoglobulin isotypes, as well as the cellular component of human milk during the first two weeks postpartum from 36 mothers. We identify soluble immune and growth factors that are dynamic over time and could be utilized to classify milk into different phenotypic groups. We identify 24 distinct populations of both epithelial and immune cells by single-cell transcriptome analysis of 128,016 human milk cells. We found that macrophage populations have shifting inflammatory profiles during the first two weeks of lactation. This analysis provides key insights into the soluble and cellular components of human milk and serves as a substantial resource for future studies of human milk.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.