ReviewMicrobial pathogenesis2023
Progress and prospects on vaccine development against monkeypox infection.
Review in Microbial pathogenesis, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 72 citations in OpenAlex.
- Global epidemiology, viral evolution, and public health responses: a systematic review on Mpox (1958-2024).Journal of global health · 2025Pooled it
- Circular RNA vaccines encoding fusion proteins of Mpox Virus A35R-M1R and B6R-A29L induce robust and durable protective immunity in mice.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- Monkeypox (Mpox), a Resurging Global Public Health Concern: An Updated Outlook Through 2025.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
- Knowledge Level, Attitudes and Practice Towards Mpox, and Willingness to Receive the Mpox Vaccine Among Family Physicians Working in Family Health Centers in Ankara Province.Journal of preventive medicine and hygiene · 2026Article
- Article
- Structural and computational analysis of monkeypox virus methyltransferase: dynamic inhibition mechanisms and their implications for antiviral design.Molecular diversity · 2026Article
- Insights into Monkeypox Virus: Host Immunity, Viral Immune Evasion, Recent Advances in Vaccines, Therapeutic Development, and Future Perspectives.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- Monkey pox (Mpox): pathogenesis, genetic shifts, vaccination strategies and clinical insights.Archives of microbiology · 2026Review
- The Emerging Threat of Monkeypox: An Updated Overview.Viruses · 2026Review
- Immune Responses and Protective Efficacy of Nanoemulsion-Adjuvanted Monkeypox Virus Recombinant Vaccines Against Lethal Challenge in Mice.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Emerging strategies for monkeypox: antigen and antibody applications in diagnostics, vaccines, and treatments.Military Medical Research · 2025Review
- Review
- Probiotic Bacteria as Therapeutics and Biohybrid Drug Carriers: Advances, Design Strategies, and Future Outlook.ACS applied bio materials · 2025Review
- Personalized immunization against Mpox Clades I and Ib: Strategies to combat the emerging epidemic.Infectious medicine · 2025Review
- Mpox treatment evolution: past milestones, present advances, and future directions.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025Review
- Urogenital Manifestations in Mpox (Monkeypox) Infection: A Comprehensive Review of Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Therapeutic Approaches.Infection and drug resistance · 2025Review
- Current status of next-generation vaccines against mpox virus: a scoping review.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- Recent Advances in the Role of Different Nanoparticles in the Various Biosensors for the Detection of the Chikungunya Virus.Molecular biotechnology · 2025Review
- Current advances and challenges in mpox vaccine development: a global landscape.Therapeutic advances in vaccines and immunotherapy · 2025Review
- Mpox: An emerging or re-emerging infection with a potential colossal burden on healthcare globally.African journal of laboratory medicine · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 8 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The monkeypox virus (MPOX) is an uncommon zoonotic illness brought on by an orthopoxvirus (OPXV). MPOX can occur with symptoms similar to smallpox. Since April 25, 2023, 110 nations have reported 87,113 confirmed cases and 111 fatalities. Moreover, the outspread prevalence of MPOX in Africa and a current outbreak of MPOX in the U.S. have made it clear that naturally occurring zoonotic OPXV infections remain a public health concern. Existing vaccines, though they provide cross-protection to MPOX, are not specific for the causative virus, and their effectiveness in the light of the current multi-country outbreak is still to be verified. Furthermore, as a sequel of the eradication and cessation of smallpox vaccination for four decades, MPOX found a possibility to re-emerge, but with distinct characteristics. The World Health Organization (WHO) suggested that nations use affordable MPOX vaccines within a framework of coordinated clinical effectiveness and safety evaluations. Vaccines administered in the smallpox control program and conferred immunity against MPOX. Currently, vaccines approved by WHO for use against MPOX are replicating (ACAM2000), low replicating (LC16m8), and non-replicating (MVA-BN). Although vaccines are accessible, investigations have demonstrated that smallpox vaccination is approximately 85% efficient in inhibiting MPOX. In addition, developing new vaccine methods against MPOX can help prevent this infection. To recognize the most efficient vaccine, it is essential to assess effects, including reactogenicity, safety, cytotoxicity effect, and vaccine-associated side effects, especially for high-risk and vulnerable people. Recently, several orthopoxvirus vaccines have been produced and are being evaluated. Hence, this review aims to provide an overview of the efforts dedicated to several types of vaccine candidates with different strategies for MPOX, including inactivated, live-attenuated, virus-like particles (VLPs), recombinant protein, nucleic acid, and nanoparticle-based vaccines, which are being developed and launched.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.