ArticleAlzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association2023
Pragmatic approaches to handling practice effects in longitudinal cognitive aging research.
Article in Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Is grip strength a marker for cognitive function, neurodegeneration, and resilience?GeroScience · 2026Article
- Income Volatility During Early to Mid-adulthood and 10-year Memory Decline in a Longitudinal Synthetic Cohort.Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2026Article
- Social network characteristics and cognitive function, decline, and mortality: A joint modeling approach.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- High-Impact Participation? Social Activities, Activity Frequency, and Older Adult Cognition.Journal of aging and health · 2026Article
- Are we there yet? Estimating the waves of follow-up required for stable effect estimates in cognitive aging research.American journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- Associations of alcohol use in early and middle adulthood with mid- and late-life cognition - a synthetic cohort approach.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- The measurement of cognition in large-scale cross-national surveys: lessons from the Health and Retirement Study International Network of Studies and the Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2026Article
- Episodic memory trajectories of older adults with and without HIV: A longitudinal population-based study in rural South Africa.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Cognitive performance among diverse Asian American subgroups: exploring the role of nativity, language, and education.NPJ dementia · 2026Article
- Editorial: Machine learning-driven insights into cognitive aging and behavioral changes.Frontiers in aging · 2026Article
- The Pace of Memory Decline in Older Adults without a Neurocognitive Disorder: Results from 22 Years of Follow-Up in a Nationally Representative Sample.Neuroepidemiology · 2026Article
- Age at immigration and cognitive aging in those with exceptional longevity, does timing matter? The LifeAfter90 Study.Alzheimer's & dementia. Behavior & socioeconomics of aging · 2025Article
- Toward Digital Self-Monitoring of Mental Health in the General Population: Scoping Review of Existing Approaches to Self-Report Measurement.JMIR mental health · 2025Article
- Association of Depression Dimensions With Cognitive Functioning in Community-Dwelling Oldest-Old Adults: The LifeAfter90 Study.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2025Article
- Childhood adversity and late-life cognitive and brain health in a diverse cohort.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
- Addressing Practice Effects in Population-Based Studies of Trends in Late-Life Dementia and Cognitive Impairment.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2024Article
- Dementia Prevalence, Incidence, and Mortality Trends Among U.S. Adults Ages 72 and Older, 2011-2021.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2024Article
- Gender differences in the association between education and late-life cognitive function in the LifeAfter90 Study: A multiethnic cohort of the oldest-old.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2024Article
- School-based racial segregation, social support, and late-life cognitive function in the Study of Healthy Aging in African Americans (STAR).Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2024Article
- Life course financial mobility and later-life memory function and decline by gender, and race and ethnicity: an intersectional analysis of the US KHANDLE and STAR cohort studies.The lancet. Healthy longevity · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
18 authors at 8 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
introductionThe challenge of accounting for practice effects (PEs) when modeling cognitive change was amplified by the COVID-19 pandemic, which introduced period and mode effects that may bias the estimation of cognitive trajectory.
methodsIn three Kaiser Permanente Northern California prospective cohorts, we compared predicted cognitive trajectories and the association of grip strength with cognitive decline using three approaches: (1) no acknowledgment of PE, (2) inclusion of a wave indicator, and (3) constraining PE based on a preliminary model (APM) fit using a subset of the data.
resultsAPM-based correction for PEs based on balanced, pre-pandemic data, and with current age as the timescale produced the smallest discrepancy between within-person and between-person estimated age effects. Estimated associations between grip strength and cognitive decline were not sensitive to the approach used. DISCUSSION: Constraining PEs based on a preliminary model is a flexible, pragmatic approach allowing for meaningful interpretation of cognitive change. HIGHLIGHTS: The magnitude of practice effects (PEs) varied widely by study. When PEs were present, the three PE approaches resulted in divergent estimated age-related cognitive trajectories. Estimated age-related cognitive trajectories were sometimes implausible in models that did not account for PEs. The associations between grip strength and cognitive decline did not differ by the PE approach used. Constraining PEs based on estimates from a preliminary model allows for a meaningful interpretation of cognitive change.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.