ArticleBMC infectious diseases2023
Primary SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases: long-term humoral immune responses and effects on disease activity.
Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- Emerging and underrecognized viral triggers of autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic disease flares.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2026Review
- The Impact of COVID-19 on Graft Vasculopathy and Postoperative Thromboembolism in CABG Patients: A Prospective Controlled Study.Cardiovascular toxicology · 2025Article
- Patient-reported daily functioning after SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations in autoimmune neuromuscular diseases.European journal of neurology · 2024Observational
- Article
- Mannan-Decorated Lipid Calcium Phosphate Nanoparticle Vaccine Increased the Antitumor Immune Response by Modulating the Tumor Microenvironment.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2024Review
- The risk of COVID-19 in IBD patients is increased by urban living and is not influenced by disease activity or intravenous biologics.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
58 authors at 14 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPatients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) on immunosuppressants (ISPs) may have impaired long-term humoral immune responses and increased disease activity after SARS-CoV-2 infection. We aimed to investigate long-term humoral immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 and increased disease activity after a primary SARS-CoV-2 infection in unvaccinated IMID patients on ISPs.
methodsIMID patients on active treatment with ISPs and controls (i.e. IMID patients not on ISP and healthy controls) with a confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection before first vaccination were included from an ongoing prospective cohort study (T2B! study). Clinical data on infections and increased disease activity were registered using electronic surveys and health records. A serum sample was collected before first vaccination to measure SARS-CoV-2 anti-receptor-binding domain (RBD) antibodies.
resultsIn total, 193 IMID patients on ISP and 113 controls were included. Serum samples from 185 participants were available, with a median time of 173 days between infection and sample collection. The rate of seropositive IMID patients on ISPs was 78% compared to 100% in controls (p < 0.001). Seropositivity rates were lowest in patients on anti-CD20 (40.0%) and anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) agents (60.5%), as compared to other ISPs (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). Increased disease activity after infection was reported by 68 of 260 patients (26.2%; 95% CI 21.2-31.8%), leading to ISP intensification in 6 out of these 68 patients (8.8%).
conclusionIMID patients using ISPs showed reduced long-term humoral immune responses after primary SARS-CoV-2 infection, which was mainly attributed to treatment with anti-CD20 and anti-TNF agents. Increased disease activity after SARS-CoV-2 infection was reported commonly, but was mostly mild.
trial registrationNL74974.018.20, Trial ID: NL8900. Registered on 9 September 2020.
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