ArticleJournal of biomedical optics2023
Increased fluorescence observation intensity during the photodynamic diagnosis of deeply located tumors by fluorescence photoswitching of protoporphyrin IX.
Article in Journal of biomedical optics, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Imaging protoporphyrin IX photoproduct accumulation as a dosimetry reporter for monitoring photodynamic therapy of oral cancer.Journal of biomedical optics · 2025Article
- Combined dual-channel fluorescence depth sensing of indocyanine green and protoporphyrin IX kinetics in subcutaneous murine tumors.Journal of biomedical optics · 2025Article
- The effect of fluence rate and wavelength on the formation of protoporphyrin IX photoproducts.Photochemical & photobiological sciences : Official journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology · 2024Article
- Deep learning based depth map estimation of protoporphyrin IX in turbid media using dual wavelength excitation fluorescence.Biomedical optics express · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Significance: Photobleaching of the photosensitizer reduces fluorescence observation time and the intensity of fluorescence emitted for tumor detection during 5-aminolevulinic acid-based photodynamic diagnosis. Aim: This study aims to utilize the concept of fluorescence photoswitching, which uses the fluorescence emission from photosensitizer excitation followed by the simultaneous excitation of the photosensitizer and its photoproduct to increase the fluorescence detection intensity during PDD of deeply located tumors. Approach: The fluorescence photobleaching of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) and the formation of its photoproduct, photoprotoporhyrin (Ppp), caused by exposure to 505 nm light were investigated in solution, Results: Fluorescence photoswitching was observed in all forms of PpIX investigated, and the fluorescence photoswitching time, fluorescence intensity relative to the initial PpIX and Ppp intensity, and fluorescence intensity relative to PpIX after photobleaching were obtained. The dependence of the fluorescence photoswitching time and intensity on the irradiation power density was noted. A fluorescence intensity increase between 1.6 and 3.9 times was achieved with simultaneous excitation of PpIX and Ppp after fluorescence photoswitching, compared with the excitation of PpIX alone. Conclusions: We have demonstrated the potential of fluorescence photoswitching for the improvement of the fluorescence observation intensity for the PDD of deeply located tumors.
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