ArticleEClinicalMedicine2023
Long-term post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 infection: a retrospective, multi-database cohort study in Hong Kong and the UK.
Article in EClinicalMedicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06601920 (A Study of Activity Leader to Forest Therapy Campaign in Different Environments Targets on the Participants Which Had Been Infected by SARS-COV-2), which is not on this map. Cited by 56 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Study of Activity Leader to Forest Therapy Campaign in Different Environments Targets on the Participants Which Had Been Infected by SARS-COV-2
Who cites it
56 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Associated thromboembolic events to the post COVID syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Viral Infections and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Pooled it
- SARS-CoV-2 infection and long-term risk of cardiovascular and renal morbidity.European heart journal open · 2026Article
- Increasing Multimorbidity Burden After COVID-19 Infection Among People With and Without HIV in the United States: Insights From the National Clinical Cohort Collaborative (N3C).Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist prevents pulmonary fibrosis following acute COVID-19 infection associated with type 2 diabetes.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- Dynamics of infection, vaccination and excess mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic among older individuals-a nationwide analysis.European journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- Incident diabetes within the first two years after SARS-CoV-2 infection: a population-based retrospective cohort study of the Agency for Health Protection of Milan, Italy.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Acute COVID-19 is associated with altered CD8 T-cells indicative of impaired ability to control Epstein-Barr virus reactivation.Medical microbiology and immunology · 2026Article
- Effectiveness of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir and molnupiravir on post-COVID diabetes risk among an older adult cohort: a target trial emulation study.BMC medicine · 2026Article
- Post-infection sequelae of COVID-19 and other infectious diseases-a nationwide Danish study with 40-month follow-up.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Reconstructing the incidence rate and immune fraction of the population via a single snapshot survey: A case study of COVID-19 in Japan.PLoS computational biology · 2026Article
- The age paradox in post-infectious sequelae: physiological reserve outweighs chronological age in Long COVID susceptibility.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Increased Arrhythmia Risk in Long COVID: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of arrhythmia · 2026Article
- Development and validation of age-specific predictive models on the risk of post-acute mortality within 1 year of COVID-19 infection.QJM : monthly journal of the Association of Physicians · 2026Article
- Long-term risk of cardiovascular events after COVID-19 in the Swedish adult population-A matched cohort study.Journal of internal medicine · 2026Article
- Effectiveness of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir and molnupiravir in reducing the risk of short-term and long-term cardiovascular complications of COVID-19: a target trial emulation study.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Blood pro-thrombotic analytes and platelet activation are associated with post-acute sequelae of COVID-19.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Observational
- Effectiveness of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir and molnupiravir on post-COVID-19 outcomes among outpatients: a target trial emulation investigation.Emerging microbes & infections · 2025Observational
- Greater benefits of immediate nirmatrelvir-ritonavir initiation for post-COVID outcomes: a population-based retrospective cohort study.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Incidence rate and risk factors of pulmonary conditions three years post COVID-19 in Bronx, New York: a retrospective cohort study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Evidence on post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC) has shown inconsistent findings. This study aimed to generate coherent evidence on the post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 infection using electronic healthcare records across two regions. Methods: In this retrospective, multi-database cohort study, patients with COVID-19 aged 18 or above between April 1st 2020 and May 31st 2022 from the Hong Kong Hospital Authority (HKHA) and March 16th 2020 and May 31st 2021 from the UK Biobank (UKB) databases and their matched controls were followed for up to 28 and 17 months, respectively. Covariates between patients with COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 controls were adjusted using propensity score-based inverse probability treatment weighting. Cox proportional regression was used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) of clinical sequelae, cardiovascular, and all-cause mortality 21 days after COVID-19 infection. Findings: A total of 535,186 and 16,400 patients were diagnosed with COVID-19 from HKHA and UKB, of whom 253,872 (47.4%) and 7613 (46.4%) were male, with a mean age (±SD) of 53.6 (17.8) years and 65.0 (8.5) years, respectively. Patients with COVID-19 incurred greater risk of heart failure (HR 1.82; 95% CI 1.65, 2.01), atrial fibrillation (1.31; 1.16, 1.48), coronary artery disease (1.32; 1.07, 1.63), deep vein thrombosis (1.74; 1.27, 2.37), chronic pulmonary disease (1.61; 1.40, 1.85), acute respiratory distress syndrome (1.89; 1.04, 3.43), interstitial lung disease (3.91; 2.36, 6.50), seizure (2.32; 1.12, 4.79), anxiety disorder (1.65; 1.29, 2.09), post-traumatic stress disorder (1.52; 1.23, 1.87), end-stage renal disease (1.76; 1.31, 2.38), acute kidney injury (2.14; 1.69, 2.71), pancreatitis (1.42; 1.10, 1.83), cardiovascular (2.86; 1.25, 6.51) and all-cause mortality (4.16; 2.11, 8.21) mortality during their post-acute phase of infection. Interpretation: The consistent greater risk of PASC highlighted the need for sustained multi-disciplinary care for COVID-19 survivors. Funding: Health Bureau, The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Collaborative Research Fund, The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and AIR@InnoHK, administered by the Innovation and Technology Commission, The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
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