ArticleBiomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie2023
The F/B ratio as a biomarker for inflammation in COVID-19 and T2D: Impact of metformin.
Article in Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 64 citations in OpenAlex.
- Altered molecular signature of the intestinal microbiota in irritable bowel syndrome patients versus healthy controls: An updated systematic review.Indian journal of gastroenterology : official journal of the Indian Society of Gastroenterology · 2026Pooled it
- The gut microbiota of Indigenous populations in the context of dietary westernization: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- Interactions between Gut Microbiota and Oral Antihyperglycemic Drugs: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Pooled it
- Exploring the interplay between posttraumatic stress disorder, gut microbiota, and inflammatory biomarkers: a comprehensive meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Pooled it
- Latent tuberculosis infection shapes gut microbiome and immune-metabolic interactions in people living with HIV.Gut microbes · 2026Article
- Haikun Shenxi Capsule Ameliorates Renal Fibrosis by Modulating Gut Microbiota and Metabolism.Current medical science · 2026Article
- Vitamin DBiomolecules · 2026Article
- Article
- Oral-gut microbiome dysbiosis in obese smokers reveals compartment-specific shifts.AMB Express · 2026Article
- Dapagliflozin-intermittent fasting combination maximizes weight and metabolic regulation through AMPK/sirtuins/clock genes and gut microbiota signaling in high-fat diet-induced obesity: a novel anti-obesity approach.Cell & bioscience · 2026Article
- Mechanisms, Modulation, and Mitigation: Dietary-Gut Microbiome Strategies Against Antibiotic Resistance.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Review
- High-Dose Ethanol-Induced Immunosuppression Modulates Sex-Specific Disease Outcomes in a Murine Model of Multiple Sclerosis.Biomolecules · 2026Article
- Alterations in gut microbiota and plasma metabolites in pulmonary arterial hypertension secondary to congenital left-to-right shunt heart disease: potential mechanisms and biomarkers.Frontiers in genetics · 2026Article
- EnteroaggregativeEcoSal Plus · 2025Review
- Characteristics of the gut-lung axis in patients with viral pneumonia and respiratory failure.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2025Article
- Characterization of intestinal microbiota in patients with psoriasis combined with metabolic syndrome.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2025Article
- A Review of Modulation of Gut Microbiota to Mitigate Gestational Diabetes: Implications for Maternal and Child Health.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2025Review
- Gut microbiota distinguishes aging hispanics with Alzheimer's disease: associations with cognitive impairment and severity.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Lead exposure in relation to gut homeostasis, microbiota, and metabolites.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2025Review
- Comparing a Whole Grain Blend with Polished White Rice for Starch Digestibility and Gut Microbiota Fermentation in Diabetic Patients: An In Vitro Study.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The pandemic of COVID-19 has highlighted the intricate relationship between gut microbiome and overall health. Recent studies have shown that the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio in the gut microbiome may be linked to various diseases including COVID-19 and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Understanding the link between gut microbiome and these diseases is essential for developing strategies for prevention and treatment. In this study, 115 participants were recruited and divided into three groups: 1st group: T2D patients and healthy controls, 2nd group: COVID-19 patients with and without T2D, 3rd group: T2D patients with COVID-19 treated with or without metformin. Gut microbial composition at the phylum level was assessed using qRT-PCR with universal primers targeting the bacterial 16 S rRNA gene and specific primers for Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. Data was analyzed using one-way ANOVA, logistic regression, and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. The study found that the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes (F/B) was higher in patients with both T2D and COVID-19 compared to those with only T2D or COVID-19. Additionally, the F/B ratio was positively correlated with C-reactive protein (CRP) in T2D and COVID-19 patients. The study also suggests that metformin treatment may affect this correlation. Logistic regression analysis showed that the F/B ratio was significantly associated with CRP. These findings suggest that the F/B ratio may be a potential biomarker for inflammation in T2D and COVID-19 patients and metformin treatment may have an effect on the correlation between F/B and CRP levels.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.