ArticleBMC pediatrics2023
Impact of congenital heart disease on outcomes among pediatric patients hospitalized for COVID-19 infection.
Article in BMC pediatrics, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Impacts of COVID-19 on pediatric patients with congenital heart disease: a small systematic and integrative literature review.Revista paulista de pediatria : orgao oficial da Sociedade de Pediatria de Sao Paulo · 2025Pooled it
- Incidence Rates of COVID-19-Associated Hospitalization and Risk Factors for Severe Disease Among American Indian and Alaska Native Persons in the Southwest USA and Alaska.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Observational
- Remdesivir in COVID-19: A Focus on Pediatric Cardiac Patients.The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale · 2026Review
- Prevalence, Characteristics, and Outcomes of Children With Congenital Heart Disease Undergoing Noncardiac Surgery in the Presence or Absence of COVID-19 Infection During the Pandemic.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Article
- Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children and Kawasaki disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Incidence and severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccine BNT162 side effects in children and adolescents with Noonan Syndrome: a national multicentric study.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Article
- Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCOVID-19 infection is generally regarded as an acute self-limiting illness in children, but it can cause significant morbidity and mortality in both healthy and high-risk children. There are limited data on the outcomes of children with congenital heart disease (CHD) and COVID-19. This study aimed to examine the risks of mortality, in-hospital cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular complications in this patient population.
methodsWe analyzed data from hospitalized pediatric patients from 2020 using the nationally representative National Inpatient Sample (NIS). Children hospitalized for COVID-19 were included, and weighted data were used to compare in-hospital mortality and morbidities between children with and without CHD.
resultsOut of 36,690 children admitted with a diagnosis of COVID-19 infection(ICD-10 code:U07.1 and B97.29) during calendar year 2020, 1240 (3.4%) had CHD. The risk of mortality in children with CHD was not significantly higher than those without CHD(1.2% vs. 0.8%, p = 0.50), with adjusted OR (aOR) of 1.7 (95% CI: 0.6-5.3). Tachyarrhythmias and heart block were more likely in CHD children with an aOR of 4.2 (95% CI: 1.8-9.9) and aOR of 5.0 (95% CI: 2.4-10.8), respectively. Similarly, respiratory failure [aOR = 2.0 (1.5-2.8)], respiratory failure requiring non-invasive mechanical ventilation [aOR = 2.7 (1.4-5.2)] and invasive mechanical ventilation [aOR = 2.6 (1.6-4.0)], and acute kidney injury [aOR = 3.4 (2.2-5.4)] were all significantly higher among patients with CHD. Median length of hospital stay in children with CHD was longer than those without CHD [5 days (IQR: 2-11) vs. 3 days (IQR: 2-5), p = < 0.001].
conclusionsChildren with CHD hospitalized with COVID-19 infection were at increased risk of serious cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular adverse clinical outcomes. They also had increased length of hospital stay and utilization of healthcare resources.
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