ArticleNature communications2023
Protection against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.4/5 variant following booster vaccination or breakthrough infection in the UK.
Article in Nature communications, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immune correlates of risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection in children: a prospective, community-based cohort study.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Vaccination and hybrid immunity is associated with SARS-CoV-2 protection but not shedding duration in rural Guatemalan households.Research square · 2026Article
- Infection-acquired protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection and clinical severity by number of prior infections.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Mechanisms of superior respiratory IgA responses against SARS-CoV-2 after mucosal vaccination.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Third exposure to COVID-19 infection or vaccination differentially impacts T cell responses.The Journal of infection · 2025Observational
- Determinants of antibody levels and protection against omicron BQ.1/XBB breakthrough infection.Communications medicine · 2025Article
- Serum anti-nucleocapsid antibody correlates of protection from SARS-CoV-2 re-infection regardless of symptoms or immune history.Communications medicine · 2025Article
- A humanised ACE2, TMPRSS2, and FCGRT mouse model reveals the protective efficacy of anti-receptor binding domain antibodies elicited by SARS-CoV-2 hybrid immunity.EBioMedicine · 2025Article
- Hybrid Immunity and SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies: Results of the HEROES-RECOVER Prospective Cohort Study.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2024Article
- Article
- A Multivariant Surrogate Virus Neutralization Test Demonstrates Distinct SARS-CoV-2-Specific Antibody Responses in People Living with HIV after a Fourth Monovalent mRNA Vaccination or an Omicron Breakthrough Infection.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Correlates of protection and determinants of SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections 1 year after third dose vaccination.BMC medicine · 2024Article
- Longitudinal antibody dynamics after COVID-19 vaccine boosters based on prior infection status and booster doses.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- The Long-Term Immunogenicity of mRNABNT162b Third Vaccine Dose in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients.Vaccines · 2024Article
- Article
- Effect of second booster vaccinations and prior infection against SARS-CoV-2 in the UK SIREN healthcare worker cohort.The Lancet regional health. Europe · 2024Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
20 authors at 17 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Following primary SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, whether boosters or breakthrough infections provide greater protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection is incompletely understood. Here we investigated SARS-CoV-2 antibody correlates of protection against new Omicron BA.4/5 (re-)infections and anti-spike IgG antibody trajectories after a third/booster vaccination or breakthrough infection following second vaccination in 154,149 adults ≥18 y from the United Kingdom general population. Higher antibody levels were associated with increased protection against Omicron BA.4/5 infection and breakthrough infections were associated with higher levels of protection at any given antibody level than boosters. Breakthrough infections generated similar antibody levels to boosters, and the subsequent antibody declines were slightly slower than after boosters. Together our findings show breakthrough infection provides longer-lasting protection against further infections than booster vaccinations. Our findings, considered alongside the risks of severe infection and long-term consequences of infection, have important implications for vaccine policy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.