ArticleJournal of racial and ethnic health disparities2024
The Impact of Language on Hospital Outcomes for COVID-19 Patients: A Study of Non-English Speaking Hispanic Patients.
Article in Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Disparities in COVID-19 related outcomes in the United States by race and ethnicity pre-vaccination era: an umbrella review of meta-analyses.Frontiers in public health · 2023Pooled it
- A Research Agenda to Mitigate Racial and Ethnic Disparities in U.S. Critical Care Medicine: An Official American Thoracic Society Research Statement.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2025Article
- Vaccine Effectiveness in SARS-CoV-2-Infected Pregnant Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Results from a Multicenter Registry-Based Prospective Cohort Study in Germany.Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde · 2025Article
- Linguistic factors and COVID-19 outcomes among long-term care residents in Ontario, Canada.BMC geriatrics · 2025Article
- Through the eyes of Spanish-speaking patients, caregivers, and community leaders: a qualitative study on the in-patient hospital experience.International journal for equity in health · 2024Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted and exacerbated health inequities, as demonstrated by the disproportionate rates of infection, hospitalization, and death in marginalized racial and ethnic communities. Although non-English speaking (NES) patients have substantially higher rates of COVID-19 positivity than other groups, research has not yet examined primary language, as determined by the use of interpreter services, and hospital outcomes for patients with COVID-19.
methodsData were collected from 1,770 patients with COVID-19 admitted to an urban academic health medical center in the Chicago, Illinois area from March 2020 to April 2021. Patients were categorized as non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, NES Hispanic, and English-speaking (ES) Hispanic using NES as a proxy for English language proficiency. Multivariable logistic regression was used to compare the predicted probability for each outcome (i.e., ICU admission, intubation, and in-hospital death) by race/ethnicity.
resultsAfter adjusting for possible confounders, NES Hispanic patients had the highest predicted probability of ICU admission (p-value < 0.05). Regarding intubation and in-hospital death, NES Hispanic patients had the highest probability, although statistical significance was inconclusive, compared to White, Black, and ES Hispanic patients.
conclusionsRace and ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and language have demonstrated disparities in health outcomes. This study provides evidence for heterogeneity within the Hispanic population based on language proficiency that may potentially further contribute to disparities in COVID-19-related health outcomes within marginalized communities.
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