ArticleCurrent microbiology2023
Induction of Homosubtypic and Heterosubtypic Immunity to Influenza Viruses Using a Conserved Internal and External Proteins.
Article in Current microbiology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 2 citations in OpenAlex.
- Research Progress of Universal Influenza Vaccine.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Addressing unexpected bacterial RNA safety concerns of E. coli produced influenza NP through CpG loaded mutant.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The immunogenicity and protective properties of the designed recombinant fusion peptide of 3M2e and truncated nucleoprotein (trNP), originating from Influenza A virus, were investigated in the BALB/c mice model in comparison with the Mix protein (3M2e + trNP). The results were evaluated by antibody response, cytokine production, lymphocyte proliferation assay, and mortality rate after challenge with homologous (H1N1) and heterologous (H3N2) influenza viruses in BALB/c mice. The animals that received the chimer protein with or without adjuvant had more specific antibody responses and elicited memory CD4 T cells, and cytokines of Th1 and Th2 cells compared to the Mix protein. Moreover, the Mix protein, like the recombinant chimer protein, provided equal and effective protection against both homologous and heterologous challenges in mice. Nevertheless, the chimer protein demonstrated superior immune protection compared to the Mix protein. The percentage of survived animals in the adjuvanted protein group (78.4%) was less than the non-adjuvanted one (85.7%). However, the Mix protein plus Alum could induce protective immunity in only 57.1% and 42.8% of homologous and heterologous virus-challenged mice, respectively. Regarding the sufficient immunogenicity and protectivity of the chimer protein construct against influenza viruses, the findings of the study suggest that the chimer protein without a requirement of adjuvant can be used as an adequate vaccine formulation to protect against a broad spectrum of influenza viruses.
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Registered trials
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