ArticleAging and disease2023
Conceptual Overview of Biological Age Estimation.
Article in Aging and disease, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed.
- Immune pathways and prenatal/perinatal environmental exposures contribute to epigenetic gestational age prediction and acceleration.Epigenetics · 2026Article
- Iron status from diet and serum in relation to biological aging acceleration: A NHANES cross-sectional study.Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition · 2026Article
- Multimodal Ageing Biomarkers and Plasma Proteomic Signatures Associated With All-Cause Mortality.Aging cell · 2026Article
- Nocturia is Associated with Biological Age not Chronological Age.Journal of community health · 2026Article
- Natural Histidine Derivatives-From Basic Research to Potential Applications in Cosmetics and Nutricosmetics.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Integrating biological aging into clinical practice: a review and path forward for precision longevity medicine.GeroScience · 2026Review
- Mediating role of sleep disorders in the association between depression and infertility: A cross-sectional study using the National Health and nutrition examination survey.International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics · 2026Article
- DNA methylation clock in bull sperm cells reveals the epigenetic aging characteristics and impact on fertility.Journal of animal science and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Functional, molecular, and digital measurements of biological age.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Review
- Review
- Midlife aging and performance study (MAPS): evaluating biological aging through a physical capacity battery.GeroScience · 2026Article
- A machine learning-derived biological age model for liver grafts provides a superior assessment of aging compared to chronological age in transplantation.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- A comparison of differential DNA methylation analysis methods for continuous outcomes: implications for epigenetic studies.Epigenomics · 2026Article
- Association Between Polypharmacy and Physical Function in Middle-aged Adults: Findings from the CARDIA Function Study.Journal of general internal medicine · 2026Article
- A multimodal retinal aging clock for biological age prediction and systemic health assessment via OCT and fundus imaging.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Accelerated Biological Aging, Genetic Susceptibility, and the Risk of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: A Prospective Cohort Study.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Article
- Radiofrequency and targeted ultrasound enhance natural hyaluronic production: a pilot porcine study.Journal of ultrasound · 2025Article
- Reference Values for Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test in Children-How to Report Them Correctly?Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Biological age acceleration in Alzheimer's disease modulates relative cortical to medial temporal lobe neurodegeneration.Neurobiology of aging · 2025Article
- Determinants of artificial intelligence electrocardiogram-derived age and its association with cardiovascular events and mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis.NPJ digital medicine · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Chronological age is an imperfect measure of the aging process, which is affected by a wide range of genetic and environmental exposures. Biological age estimates may be derived using mathematical modelling with biomarkers set as predictors and chronological age as the output. The difference between biological and chronological age is denoted the "age gap" and considered a complementary indicator of aging. The utility of the "age gap" metric is assessed through examination of its associations with exposures of interest and the demonstration of additional information provided by this metric over chronological age alone. This paper reviews the key concepts of biological age estimation, the age gap metric, and approaches to assessment of model performance in this context. We further discuss specific challenges for the field, in particular the limited generalisability of effect sizes across studies owing to dependency of the age gap metric on pre-processing and model building methods. The discussion will be centred on brain age estimation, but the concepts are transferable to all biological age estimation.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.