ReviewChildren (Basel, Switzerland)2023
PANDAS/PANS in the COVID-19 Age: Autoimmunity and Epstein-Barr Virus Reactivation as Trigger Agents?
Review in Children (Basel, Switzerland), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Medicinal cannabis plant extract (NTI164) modifies epigenetic, ribosomal, and immune pathways in paediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2026Trial
- Infection-Associated Pediatric Acute-Onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome: A Review of Immunological Mechanisms, Clinical Phenotypes, and Therapeutic Strategies.Infectious disease reports · 2026Review
- The Immune/Inflammatory Underpinnings of Neurodevelopmental Disorders and Pediatric Acute-Onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome: A Scoping Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Validation of Pediatric Acute-Onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome (PANS)-Related Pediatric Treatment Evaluation Checklist (PTEC).Pediatric reports · 2025Article
- The role of previous streptococcal infections in adult patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder: a research study.CNS spectrums · 2025Article
- Pediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndromes and the gut-oral-brain axis: a narrative review of emerging microbiome-immune interactions and therapeutic perspectives.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Microbes and Mental Illness: Past, Present, and Future.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Symptom flares after COVID-19 infection versus vaccination among youth with PANS/PANDAS.Allergy and asthma proceedings · 2023Article
- Infection, Dysbiosis and Inflammation Interplay in the COVID Era in Children.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Progressive Neuropsychiatric Symptoms Following Recurrent COVID-19 Infections in a Previously Healthy Adolescent.Case reports in psychiatry · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
COVID-19 impacted the entire world's population, frequently resulting in long-lasting neuropsychiatric complications. Furthermore, social distancing, lockdowns and fear for one's personal health worsen individual psychological wellbeing, especially in children and adolescents. Herein, we discuss the results of studies that specifically reported data about the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic or infection on children with Pediatric Acute-Onset Neuropsychiatric Disorders (PANS). Furthermore, we present the cases of five adolescents with PANS whose symptomatology increased following SARS-CoV-2 infection. What emerged from this study was that COVID-19 resulted in the exacerbation of obsessions, tics, anxiety and mood symptoms and decreased wellbeing. Moreover, new symptoms, as well as new PANS cases, are reported to have arisen after COVID-19 infection. Here, we hypothesize that the pathogenic mechanisms of silent viruses, such as the Epstein-Barr virus, are related to neuroinflammation, immune responses and reactivation, with additional roles played by social-isolation-related inflammatory processes. The discussion of PANS, which represents a model of immune-mediated neuropsychiatric manifestations, is particularly relevant, with the aim of uncovering the mechanisms that lead to neuropsychiatric Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome (PACS). Prospects for future studies and treatment implications are discussed.
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Registered trials
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