ArticleCell communication and signaling : CCS2023
Bacillus cereus extracellular vesicles act as shuttles for biologically active multicomponent enterotoxins.
Article in Cell communication and signaling : CCS, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 14 papers.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Bacterial extracellular vesicles as recyclable nutrient reservoirs.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Aptamer-functionalized magnetic beads combined with hybridization chain reaction for detection of Bacillus cereus.NPJ science of food · 2026Article
- The major toxins of Bacillus cereus - Current knowledge on distribution, regulation and mechanism of action.EXCLI journal · 2026Review
- Extracellular vesicles as indicators of environmental stress response inExtracellular vesicles and circulating nucleic acids · 2026Article
- On the road: extracellular vesicles in intercellular communication.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2025Article
- Extracellular Vesicles Are Prevalent and Effective Carriers of Environmental Allergens in Indoor Dust.Environmental science & technology · 2025Article
- Article
- Cross - Kingdom Dialogue of Microbial Messengers: Multi - Target Regulatory Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies of Gut Microbiota - Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Metabolic Diseases.International journal of nanomedicine · 2025Review
- The Role of Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles in the Immune Response to Pathogens, and Therapeutic Opportunities.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- New Approach Methods to Assess the Enteropathogenic Potential of Strains of theFoods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- BACTERIAL EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES IN THE REGULATION OF INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE AND HOST-MICROBE INTERACTIONS.Shock (Augusta, Ga.) · 2024Review
- Correction: Bacillus cereus extracellular vesicles act as shuttles for biologically active multicomponent enterotoxins.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2024Article
- MakC and MakD are two proteins associated with a tripartite toxin ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundExtracellular vesicles (EVs) from Gram-positive bacteria have gained considerable importance as a novel transport system of virulence factors in host-pathogen interactions. Bacillus cereus is a Gram-positive human pathogen, causing gastrointestinal toxemia as well as local and systemic infections. The pathogenicity of enteropathogenic B. cereus has been linked to a collection of virulence factors and exotoxins. Nevertheless, the exact mechanism of virulence factor secretion and delivery to target cells is poorly understood.
resultsHere, we investigate the production and characterization of enterotoxin-associated EVs from the enteropathogenic B. cereus strain NVH0075-95 by using a proteomics approach and studied their interaction with human host cells in vitro. For the first time, comprehensive analyses of B. cereus EV proteins revealed virulence-associated factors, such as sphingomyelinase, phospholipase C, and the three-component enterotoxin Nhe. The detection of Nhe subunits was confirmed by immunoblotting, showing that the low abundant subunit NheC was exclusively detected in EVs as compared to vesicle-free supernatant. Cholesterol-dependent fusion and predominantly dynamin-mediated endocytosis of B. cereus EVs with the plasma membrane of intestinal epithelial Caco2 cells represent entry routes for delivery of Nhe components to host cells, which was assessed by confocal microscopy and finally led to delayed cytotoxicity. Furthermore, we could show that B. cereus EVs elicit an inflammatory response in human monocytes and contribute to erythrocyte lysis via a cooperative interaction of enterotoxin Nhe and sphingomyelinase.
conclusionOur results provide insights into the interaction of EVs from B. cereus with human host cells and add a new layer of complexity to our understanding of multicomponent enterotoxin assembly, offering new opportunities to decipher molecular processes involved in disease development. Video Abstract.
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