ArticleJournal of human genetics2023
Adjusting for population stratification in polygenic risk score analyses: a guide for model specifications in the UK Biobank.
Article in Journal of human genetics, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Genetic sensitivity to the environment moderates the impact of positive and negative childhood experiences on psychological adjustment "for good and for bad".European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2026Article
- Methods for modeling gene-environment interplay using polygenic risk scores.Statistical applications in genetics and molecular biology · 2026Review
- Exposome-Wide Gene-By-Environment Interaction Study of Psychotic Experiences in the UK Biobank.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2025Article
- Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
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Abstract
The current study was conducted to provide a general guidance for model specifications in polygenic risk score (PRS) analyses of the UK Biobank, such as adjusting for covariates (i.e. age, sex, recruitment centers, and genetic batch) and the number of principal components (PCs) that need to be included. To cover behavioral, physical and mental health outcomes, we evaluated three continuous outcomes (BMI, smoking, drinking) and two binary outcomes (Major Depressive Disorder and educational attainment). We applied 3280 (656 per phenotype) different models including different sets of covariates. We evaluated these different model specifications by comparing regression parameters such as R2, coefficients, and P values, as well as ANOVA tests. Findings suggest that only up to three PCs appears to be sufficient for controlling population stratification for most outcomes, whereas including other covariates (particularly age and sex) appears to be more essential for model performance.
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