ArticleCancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII2023
Clinical roles of soluble PD-1 and PD-L1 in plasma of NSCLC patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Article in Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Soluble immune checkpoints in lung cancer: linking prognostic signatures to immunotherapy response - a meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Prognostic and clinicopathological value of soluble programmed cell death ligand-1 (sPD-L1) in patients with peripheral T-cell lymphoma: a meta-analysis.Annals of medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Prognostic and clinicopathological role of soluble programmed cell death ligand-1 in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: a meta-analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Prognostic significance of programmed cell death ligand 1 blood markers in non-small cell lung cancer treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Pooled it
- Soluble PD-L1 changes in advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with PD-1 inhibitors: an individual patient data meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Pooled it
- Translational modelling challenges receptor‑occupancy‑based dosing of PD‑1 inhibitors like pembrolizumab.British journal of cancer · 2026Article
- Article
- Soluble Isoforms of PD-1 and PD-L1 in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Correlation with Tumor Stage, Longitudinal Analysis and Prognostic Implications.Journal of personalized medicine · 2026Article
- Depletion of Soluble PD-L1 with Engineered Nanoparticles Promotes Antitumor Immunity and Tumor Control.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Article
- Soluble PD-L1 (sPD-L1) as a biomarker of durable response and survival in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with first-line immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs).Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2025Article
- Review
- Respiratory microbiota diversity as a predictive biomarker for the efficacy of PD‑1 blockades in patients with advanced non‑small cell lung cancer: A retrospective exploratory study.Oncology letters · 2025Article
- Review
- Article
- Article
- Predictive biomarkers for immune checkpoint inhibitors therapy in lung cancer.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Review
- Soluble immune checkpoint molecules in cancer risk, outcomes prediction, and therapeutic applications.Biomarker research · 2024Review
- Peripheral immune biomarkers for immune checkpoint inhibition of solid tumours.Clinical and translational medicine · 2024Review
- Soluble immune checkpoints: implications for cancer prognosis and response to immune checkpoint therapy and conventional therapies.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
introductionImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have significantly improved the prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, only a limited proportion of patients can benefit from this therapy, and clinically useful predictive biomarkers remain to be elucidated.
methodsBlood was collected from 189 patients with NSCLC before and six weeks after the initiation of ICI treatment (anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1 antibody). Soluble PD-1 (sPD-1) and PD-L1 (sPD-L1) in plasma before and after treatment were analyzed to evaluate their clinical significance.
resultsCox regression analysis demonstrated that higher sPD-L1 levels before treatment significantly predicted unfavorable progression-free survival (PFS; HR 15.4, 95% CI 1.10-86.7, P = 0.009) and overall survival (OS; HR 11.4, 95% CI 1.19-52.3, P = 0.007) in NSCLC patients treated with ICI monotherapy (n = 122) but not in those treated with ICIs combined with chemotherapy (n = 67: P = 0.729 and P = 0.155, respectively). In addition, higher sPD-1 levels after treatment were significantly associated with better OS (HR 0.24, 95% CI 0.06-0.91, P = 0.037) in patients treated with anti-PD-1 monotherapy, whereas higher sPD-L1 levels after treatment were significantly associated with worse PFS (HR 6.09, 95% CI 1.42-21.0, P = 0.008) and OS (HR 42.6, 95% CI 6.83-226, P < 0.001). The levels of sPD-L1 at baseline closely correlated with those of other soluble factors, such as sCD30, IL-2Ra, sTNF-R1, and sTNF-R2, which are known to be released from the cell surface by zinc-binding proteases ADAM10/17.
conclusionsThese findings suggest the clinical significance of pretreatment sPD-L1 as well as posttreatment sPD-1 and sPD-L1 in NSCLC patients treated with ICI monotherapy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.