ArticleFrontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology2023
Small extracellular vesicles derived from four dimensional-culture of mesenchymal stem cells induce alternatively activated macrophages by upregulating IGFBP2/EGFR to attenuate inflammation in the spinal cord injury of rats.
Article in Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- STAT3 Signaling in Spinal Cord Injury: Neurochemical Mechanisms Linking Neuroinflammation, Mitochondrial Stress, and Glial Remodeling.Neurochemical research · 2026Review
- IGFBP2 promotes immunosuppression by regulating macrophage PD-L1 expression in NEUROD1-high small cell lung cancer.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- Multimodal electroconductive PLGA-based scaffold orchestrates neuroprotection and regeneration following severe spinal cord injury.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- Sappanone A Promotes Motor Function Recovery in Spinal Cord Injury Mice by Inhibiting Microglial M1 Polarization via Activation of the Keap1/Nrf2 Pathway.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2025Article
- Fate of Transplanted Allogeneic Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in the Rat Spinal Cord under Normal Conditions and during the Acute Phase of Spinal Cord Contusion Injury.Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine · 2025Article
- Quantifying extracellular vesicle heterogeneity: the effect of process conditions on protein cargo for skin therapy.Stem cell research & therapy · 2025Review
- Effects of Hydrogels on Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells Paracrine Activity and Extracellular Vesicles Production.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2025Review
- Isolation, identification, and challenges of extracellular vesicles: emerging players in clinical applications.Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death · 2025Review
- The Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Formononetin, an Active Constituent ofMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Boosting the Therapeutic Potential of Extracellular Vesicles Derived From Mesenchymal Stem Cells via Advanced Preconditioning for Neurodegenerative Disorders.Stem cells international · 2025Review
- Research Progress on Neural Cell Culture Systems.Current neuropharmacology · 2025Review
- Biological Nanotherapeutics Derived From Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Mechanisms and Translational Potential in Multisystem Therapies for Regeneration and Oncology.International journal of nanomedicine · 2025Review
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells-based Cell-free Therapy Targeting Neuroinflammation.Aging and disease · 2024Review
- Emerging Role and Mechanism of Mesenchymal Stem Cells-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Rheumatic Disease.Journal of inflammation research · 2024Review
- Hydrogel-encapsulated extracellular vesicles for the regeneration of spinal cord injury.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 7 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Effectively reducing the inflammatory response after spinal cord injury (SCI) is a challenging clinical problem and the subject of active investigation. This study employed a porous scaffold-based three dimensional long-term culture technique to obtain human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (hUC-MSC)-derived Small Extracellular Vesicles (sEVs) (three dimensional culture over time, the "4D-sEVs"). Moreover, the vesicle size, number, and inner protein concentrations of the MSC 4D-sEVs contained altered protein profiles compared with those derived from 2D culture conditions. A proteomics analysis suggested broad changes, especially significant upregulation of Epidermal Growth Factors Receptor (EGFR) and Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Protein 2 (IGFBP2) in 4D-sEVs compared with 2D-sEVs. The endocytosis of 4D-sEVs allowed for the binding of EGFR and IGFBP2, leading to downstream STAT3 phosphorylation and IL-10 secretion and effective induction of macrophages/microglia polarization from the pro-inflammatory M1 to anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype, both
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.