ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2023
Targeted neurostimulation reverses a spatiotemporal biomarker of treatment-resistant depression.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- Heterogeneous brain alterations in treatment-resistant depression converge on common control networks.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2026Pooled it
- Parietal and prefrontal transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) for mild cognitive impairment (MCI): A pilot randomized clinical trial.Brain disorders (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2026Article
- Lag-adjusted functional network connectivity reveals sensorimotor and higher cognitive network alterations in depression.Research square · 2026Article
- Developing Clinically Interpretable Neuroimaging Biotypes in Psychiatry.Biological psychiatry · 2026Review
- Parallel processing chains span cytoarchitectures to organize association cortex.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Pharmacological and Non-Pharmacological Interventions for Non-Suicidal Self-Injury: A Narrative Review.Alpha psychiatry · 2026Review
- FUNCTIONAL CONNECTIVITY ALTERATIONS IN MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Stanford neuromodulation therapy for treatment-resistant depression: a randomized controlled trial confirming efficacy, and an EEG study providing insight into mechanism of action and a potentially predictive biomarker of efficacy.World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA) · 2026Article
- Preservation of anticorrelated brain networks predicts recovery after traumatic brain injury.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- A Study on dynamic functional connectivity and efficacy prediction of SAINT for rapid antidepressant effects and relief of suicidal ideation.Translational psychiatry · 2025Article
- Frontoparietal network mediates the antidepressant effects of accelerated iTBS and cTBS: TMS-EEG study.Cell reports. Medicine · 2025Article
- Neural mechanisms and neuromodulation therapies for non-suicidal self-injury.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Review
- Exploring the capabilities of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in major depressive disorder: Dynamic causal modeling of the neural network.Translational psychiatry · 2025Article
- Review
- Large-scale transcriptomic analyses of major depressive disorder reveal convergent dysregulation of synaptic pathways in excitatory neurons.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Mesoscale brain-wide fluctuation analysis: revealing ketamine's rapid antidepressant across multiple brain regions.Translational psychiatry · 2025Article
- Symptom-based depression subtypes: brain dynamic specificity and its association with gene expression profiles.Translational psychiatry · 2025Article
- Improved brain functional network in major depressive disorder with suicidal ideation after individual target-transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment: a graph-theory analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- The network-based underpinnings of persisting symptoms after concussion: a multimodal neuroimaging meta-analysis.Nature. Mental health · 2025Article
- Towards closed-loop precision psychiatry: Integrating MRI biomarkers for individualized care of major depressive disorder.Psychoradiology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is widely hypothesized to result from disordered communication across brain-wide networks. Yet, prior resting-state-functional MRI (rs-fMRI) studies of MDD have studied zero-lag temporal synchrony (functional connectivity) in brain activity absent directional information. We utilize the recent discovery of stereotyped brain-wide directed signaling patterns in humans to investigate the relationship between directed rs-fMRI activity, MDD, and treatment response to FDA-approved neurostimulation paradigm termed Stanford neuromodulation therapy (SNT). We find that SNT over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) induces directed signaling shifts in the left DLPFC and bilateral anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Directional signaling shifts in the ACC, but not the DLPFC, predict improvement in depression symptoms, and moreover, pretreatment ACC signaling predicts both depression severity and the likelihood of SNT treatment response. Taken together, our findings suggest that ACC-based directed signaling patterns in rs-fMRI are a potential biomarker of MDD.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.