ArticleAesthetic surgery journal2023
The Functional Anatomy and Innervation of the Platysma is Segmental: Implications for Lower Lip Dysfunction, Recurrent Platysmal Bands, and Surgical Rejuvenation.
Article in Aesthetic surgery journal, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Anatomical variation in the cervical branch of the facial nerve: a systematic review.Surgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA · 2026Pooled it
- Improving Neck and Jawline Aesthetics With OnabotulinumtoxinA by Minimizing Platysma Muscle Contraction Effects: Efficacy and Safety Results in a Phase 3 Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study.Aesthetic surgery journal · 2025Trial
- Descriptive, comparative, and functional anatomy of the facial musculature in cattle (Bos taurus).Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007) · 2026Article
- Extratemporal Facial Nerve: Surgical Landmarks, Risk Zones, and a Practical Framework for Safe Dissection.Laryngoscope investigative otolaryngology · 2026Review
- Computational Modelling of Platysma Muscle Mechanics: Challenging the Isometric Contraction Paradigm and Implications for the Treatment of Neck Bands.Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2026Article
- Course Patterns of the Marginal Mandibular Branch of the Facial Nerve over the Facial Vessels in Relation to the Inferior Mandibular Border.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Italian Consensus and Review in Lower Face Mimetic Muscle Treatment with Botulinum Toxin-A.Toxins · 2026Review
- Review
- Analysis of Filler Spread: Facial Retinacula Play a Prominent Role.Dermatologic surgery : official publication for American Society for Dermatologic Surgery [et al.] · 2026Observational
- Neck Lift After Nonsurgical Treatments: Fibrosis, Fat Loss, and Surgical Complexity.Aesthetic surgery journal · 2026Article
- Anatomical-Functional-Aesthetic Classification of Cervical Aging: Development of the S-F-M Score and Visual Mandala Model.Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2026Review
- Optimizing Botulinum Toxin Injections in the Platysma Muscle Based on Motor Nerve Distribution.Journal of cosmetic dermatology · 2025Article
- Current Trends in Facelift and Necklift Procedures.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Compartmental surgery for squamous cell carcinoma of the buccal mucosa: description of a new surgical technique.World journal of surgical oncology · 2025Article
- Anatomical Guidelines and Technical Tips for Neck Aesthetics with Botulinum Toxin.Archives of plastic surgery · 2024Article
- Aesthetic Units and Zones of Adherence: Relevance to Surgical Planning in the Head and Neck.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDespite the central role of the platysma in face and neck rejuvenation, much confusion exists regarding its surgical anatomy.
objectivesThis study was undertaken to clarify the regional anatomy of the platysma and its innervation pattern and to explain clinical phenomena, such as the origin of platysmal bands and their recurrence, and the etiology of lower lip dysfunction after neck lift procedures.
methodsFifty-five cadaver heads were studied (16 embalmed, 39 fresh, mean age 75 years). Following preliminary dissections and macro-sectioning, a series of standardized layered dissections were performed, complemented by histology and sheet plastination.
resultsIn addition to its origin and insertion, the platysma is attached to the skin and deep fascia across its entire superficial and deep surfaces. This composite system explains the age-related formation of static platysmal bands, recurrent platysmal bands after complete platysma transection, and recurrent anterior neck laxity after no-release lifting. The facial part of the platysma is primarily innervated by the marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve, whereas the submandibular platysma is innervated by the "first" cervical branches, which terminate at the mandibular origin of the depressor labii inferioris. This pattern has implications for postoperative dysfunction of the lower lip, including pseudoparalysis, and potential targeted surgical denervation.
conclusionsThis anatomical study, comprised of layered dissections, large histology, and sheet plastination, fully describes the anatomy of the platysma including its bony, fascial, and dermal attachments, as well as its segmental innervation including its nerve danger zones. It provides a sound anatomical basis for the further development of surgical techniques to rejuvenate the neck with prevention of recurrent platysmal banding.
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Registered trials
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