ArticleHealth expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy2023
Unpacking the Cinderella black box of complex intervention development through the Partners at Care Transitions (PACT) programme of research.
Article in Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- Trial
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- Understanding the challenges and successes of implementing 'hybrid' interventions in healthcare settings: findings from a process evaluation of a patient involvement trial.BMJ quality & safety · 2025Trial
- Reciprocal innovation to improve access to primary healthcare in Belgium: adaptation and development of a community health worker intervention.BMC health services research · 2026Article
- Supporting Older People Living With Frailty to Self-Manage Multiple Medicines: An Experience-Based Co-Design of a Complex Intervention Developed in UK Primary Care.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2025Article
- The ROOTS Parenting Intervention to Improve Child Emotional and Physical Health: Protocol for a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial for Black and Latiné Families.Journal of marital and family therapy · 2025Article
- Development steps of multimodal exercise interventions for older adults with multimorbidity: A systematic review.Health science reports · 2024Article
- A Web-Based Intervention to Support the Mental Well-Being of Sexual and Gender Minority Young People: Mixed Methods Co-Design of Oneself.JMIR formative research · 2024Article
- Article
- Unpacking the Cinderella black box of complex intervention development through the Partners at Care Transitions (PACT) programme of research.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2023Article
- A qualitative formative evaluation of a patient facing intervention to improve care transitions for older people moving from hospital to home.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionComplex intervention development has been described as the 'Cinderella' black box in health services research. Greater transparency in the intervention development process is urgently needed to help reduce research waste.
methodsWe applied a new consensus-based framework for complex intervention development to our programme of research, in which we developed an intervention to improve the safety and experience of care transitions for older people. Through this process, we aimed to reflect on the framework's utility for intervention development and identify any important gaps within it to support its continued development.
findingsThe framework was a useful tool for transparent reporting of the process of complex intervention development. We identified potential 'action' gaps in the framework including 'consolidation of evidence' and 'development of principles' that could bracket and steer decision-making in the process.
conclusionsWe consider that the level of transparency demonstrated in this report, aided through use of the framework, is essential in the quest for reducing research waste. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: We have involved our dedicated patient and public involvement group in all work packages of this programme of research. Specifically, they attended and contributed to co-design workshops and contributed to finalizing the intervention for the pilot evaluation. Staff also participated by attending co-design workshops, helping us to prioritize content ideas for the intervention and supporting the development of intervention components outside of the workshops.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.