ArticlePharmaceutical research2023
Improved Transdermal Delivery of Rabies Vaccine using Iontophoresis Coupled Microneedle Approach.
Article in Pharmaceutical research, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Driving Drugs Deeper: Force-Driven Microneedle Systems for Active Therapy and Their Road Towards Clinical Implementation.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Review
- Emerging and Prospective Engineering Technologies Enabling Microneedle Based Vaccine Therapeutics.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2026Review
- Working towards a single-dose vaccine for rabies post-exposure prophylaxis.Future virology · 2026Article
- Iontophoresis and electroporation-assisted microneedles: advancements and therapeutic potentials in transdermal drug delivery.Drug delivery and translational research · 2025Review
- Recent advances in iontophoresis-assisted microneedle devices for transdermal biosensing and drug delivery.Materials today. Bio · 2025Review
- Development of Transdermal Drug Delivery Approaches to Combat Diabetes: An Update.Current drug metabolism · 2025Review
- Transcutaneous Delivery of Dexamethasone Sodium Phosphate Via Microneedle-Assisted Iontophoretic Enhancement - A Potential Therapeutic Option for Inflammatory Disorders.Pharmaceutical research · 2024Article
- Intradermal Delivery of Naked mRNA Vaccines via Iontophoresis.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
aimThis study was aimed to develop rabies vaccine incorporated microneedle (MN) patches and evaluate the immunogenicity of prepared formulations in combination with iontophoresis.
methodsPatches comprising of polyvinyl pyrrolidone, hyaluronic acid and polyethylene glycol 400 were engineered by vacuum micromolding technique. Physical evaluation of patches included determination of folding endurance, % swelling and morphological features. In vitro release study was performed in skin simulant agarose gel using model drug (methylene blue) loaded patches. In vitro insertion ability was assessed using stratum corneum simulant parafilm. In vivo insertion study was performed in rats. Immunogenicity was evaluated in dogs by determining immunoglobulin G (IgG) and rabies virus neutralizing antibodies (RVNA) titer.
resultsPatches displayed uniformly distributed microprojections with pointed tips and smooth surface, ~ 70% swelling, remained intact for ~ 200 foldings and successfully penetrated the parafilm. The area covered by model drug across agarose gel was almost double following treatment with MN-iontophoresis combination (MN
conclusionMN-iontophoresis combination provided relatively potent immunogenic response over the conventional intramuscular injection, hence, can be used for administering vaccines transcutaneously.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.