ArticleBMJ open2023
Impact of urinary sodium excretion on the prevalence and incidence of metabolic syndrome: a population-based study.
Article in BMJ open, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 4 citations in OpenAlex.
- High Estimated 24-Hour Urinary Sodium Excretion is Associated With Metabolic Syndrome and Its Phenotypes: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study.Journal of nutrition and metabolism · 2026Article
- The dose-response relationships between all-cause and cardiovascular mortality and the accrual of various dietary habits.American journal of preventive cardiology · 2025Article
- Sex difference in the relationship between 24-h sodium-potassium ratio and prevalence of metabolic syndromes: a cross-sectional study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Elevated serum levels of leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin 2 are associated with the prevalence of metabolic syndrome.Acta diabetologica · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo evaluate the association of metabolic syndrome (MetS) risk with 24-hour urinary sodium excretion (24hUNaE) estimated from spot urine samples.
designSerial cross-sectional studies were conducted, and those with multiple repeated examinations were used to assess the MetS incidence risk. SETTING AND
participantsA health check-up programme was conducted between 2018 and 2021 and enrolled 59 292 participants to evaluate the relationship between MetS risk and 24hUNaE in the Third Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China. Among these participants, 9550 had at least two physical examinations during this period, which were used to evaluate the association of a new occurrence of MetS with 24hUNaE. OUTCOMES: Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of dyslipidaemia in Chinese adults (revised in 2016) were used to define prevalent and incident MetS.
resultsThe prevalence of MetS was 19.3% at the first check-up; among individuals aged ≤55 years, the risk was higher in men than women, while among older individuals, a similar prevalence was observed in both sexes. A significant increase in MetS prevalence was observed per unit increase in 24hUNaE (adjusted OR (AOR) 1.11; 95% CI 1.09 to 1.13), especially for the prevalence of central obesity and elevated blood pressure. Additionally, 27.4% of the participants among the 7842 participants without MetS at the first check-up (male vs female: 37.3% vs 12.9%) were found to have a new occurrence of MetS at the second, third and/or fourth check-ups. A 25% increase in MetS incidence was observed per unit increase in 24hUNaE (95% CI 1.19 to 1.32), which was more prominent in the participants with a new occurrence of central obesity and elevated fasting blood glucose.
conclusionsAlthough the prevalence of MetS seemed stable, new occurrences of MetS remained high, which might result in MetS recurrence. The influence of sodium intake on MetS development is probably attributed to the increase in blood pressure and central obesity, but a new occurrence of MetS may develop through elevated blood glucose and central obesity.
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