ArticleBMJ open2023
EXAcerbations of COPD and their OutcomeS on CardioVascular diseases (EXACOS-CV) Programme: protocol of multicountry observational cohort studies.
Article in BMJ open, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy of acupuncture as adjunctive therapy for patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Article
- Shaping the Future of Evidence Generation: Real-World Data to Drive Healthcare Transformation and Patient-Centered Decisions.Pharmaceutical medicine · 2026Article
- Healthcare resource utilisation in patients with exacerbations of COPD and associated cardiovascular events: the EXACOS-CV study.ERJ open research · 2025Article
- The sustained increase of cardiovascular risk following COPD exacerbations: meta-analyses of the EXACOS-CV studies.ERJ open research · 2025Article
- Analysis of risk factors and development of predictive model for acute myocardial injury in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Journal of thoracic disease · 2025Article
- Framework for Exploration of Statistical Heterogeneity in Multi-Database Studies: A Case Study Using EXACOS-CV Studies.Clinical epidemiology · 2025Article
- Predictors of Clinical Stability and Mortality in COPD: A Longitudinal Study.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2025Article
- Increased Risk of Severe Cardiovascular Events Following Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Results of the EXACOS-CV Study in Japan.Advances in therapy · 2024Article
- Implications of Cardiopulmonary Risk for the Management of COPD: A Narrative Review.Advances in therapy · 2024Review
- Heightened long-term cardiovascular risks after exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Heart (British Cardiac Society) · 2024Article
- Risk and Prevention of Cardiovacular Events after Exacerbations of Respiratory Symptoms in Patients with COPD.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2024Article
- Temporal Risk of Nonfatal Cardiovascular Events After Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Exacerbation: A Population-based Study.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2024Article
- Elucidating the risk of cardiopulmonary consequences of an exacerbation of COPD: results of the EXACOS-CV study in Germany.BMJ open respiratory research · 2024Article
- Risk of Death and Cardiovascular Events Following an Exacerbation of COPD: The EXACOS-CV US Study.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2024Article
- Risk of cardiovascular events after an exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: results from the EXACOS-CV cohort study using the PHARMO Data Network in the Netherlands.Respiratory research · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 6 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionIn patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the risk of certain cardiovascular (CV) events is increased by threefold to fivefold in the year following acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD), compared with a non-exacerbation period. While the effect of severe AECOPD is well established, the relationship of moderate exacerbation or prior exacerbation to elevated risk of CV events is less clear. We will conduct cohort studies in multiple countries to further characterise the association between AECOPD and CV events. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: Retrospective longitudinal cohort studies will be conducted within routinely collected electronic healthcare records or claims databases. The study cohorts will include patients meeting inclusion criteria for COPD between 1 January 2014 and 31 December 2018. Moderate exacerbation is defined as an outpatient visit and/or medication dispensation/prescription for exacerbation; severe exacerbation is defined as hospitalisation for COPD. The primary outcomes of interest are the time to (1) first hospitalisation for a CV event (including acute coronary syndrome, heart failure, arrhythmias or cerebral ischaemia) since cohort entry or (2) death. Time-dependent Cox proportional hazards models will compare the hazard of a CV event between exposed periods following exacerbation (split into these periods: 1-7, 8-14, 15-30, 31-180 and 181-365 days) and the unexposed reference time period, adjusted on time-fixed and time-varying confounders. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Studies have been approved in Canada, Japan, the Netherlands, Spain and the UK, where an institutional review board is mandated. For each study, the results will be published in peer-reviewed journals.
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Registered trials
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