Mutation analysis of pathogenic non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs) in WFS1 gene through computational approaches.

A single base changes causing a change to the amino acid sequence of the encoded protein, which is defined as non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs). Many of the nsSNPs can cause disease, and these nsSNPs are considered as pathogenic mutations. In the study, the high-risk nsSNPs of WFS1 and their influence on the structure and function of wolframin protein were predicted by multiple bioinformatics software. We obtained 13 high-risk nsSNPs of WFS1. All the 13 high-risk nsSNPs are highly conserved residues with a conservative score of 9 or 8 and mostly may cause a decrease in protein stability. The high-risk nsSNPs have an important effect on not only amino acid size, charge and hydrophobicity, but also protein's spatial structure. Among these, 11 nsSNPs had been previously published or cited and 2 nsSNPs (G695S and E776K) had not been reported to date. The two novel variants increased or decreased hydrogen bonds. In conclusion, through different computational tools, it is presumed that the mechanism of pathogenic WFS1 nsSNPs should include the changes of physicochemical properties, significant structural changes and abnormal binding with functional partners. We accomplished the computational-based screening and analysis for deleterious nsSNPs in WFS1, which had important reference value and could contribute to further studies of the mechanism of WFS1 related disease. The computational analysis has many advantages, but the results should be identified by further experimental studies in vivo and in vitro.