ArticleSleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung2023
The association between social jetlag and depression is independent of sleep debt.
Article in Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Associations of Social Jetlag With Depression and Anxiety in Adolescents and Young People: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Depression and anxiety · 2026Pooled it
- Independent association of indirect self-destructiveness with suicidal behaviors in young adults.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Registry and survey of circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorder patients.Sleep medicine: X · 2024Article
- Association between screen time, homework and reading duration, sleep duration, social jetlag and mental health among Chinese children and adolescents.BMC psychiatry · 2024Article
- Lifestyle behaviors: Timing may be as relevant as quantity.Sleep medicine reviews · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 7 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesTo investigate whether the association between SJLsc (sleep-corrected social jetlag) and depressive mood is significant and independent of sleep debt.
methodsParticipants from the general adult population were interviewed using structured questionnaires on sleep duration, weekday/weekend sleep schedules, and depressive mood (Patient Health Questionnaire-9). Social jetlag (SJL) was measured by SJLsc and standard SJL (SJLs). SJLs was the absolute difference between mid-sleep time on free days (MSF) and workdays (MSW). For SJLsc, both MSF and MSW were adjusted for average sleep duration across the week according to the direction of sleep debt. Sleep debt was defined by sleep extension on free days. The association of SJL with depression was investigated, and covariates included age, sex, sociodemographic factors, insomnia symptoms, sleep duration, and sleep debt.
resultsA total of 1982 individuals (1089 men; age 43.1 ± 14.4 years) were analyzed. SJL was present in 24.6% measured by SJLsc and 51.0% by SJLs. SJLsc and SJLs were significantly associated with depressive mood (r = 0.06, P = 0.02; r = 0.06, P = 0.01, respectively), independent of sleep debt. Sleep debt was also associated with depression (r = 0.07, P < 0.01).
conclusionsBy adopting sleep-corrected formula for SJL, this study found that misaligned and insufficient sleep, at levels occurring in routine social life, can negatively affect mood. Minimizing social jetlag and sleep deprivation may promote individual psychological well-being.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.