Evidence map›Paper›PMID 37183341›Full record

SynthesisCNS neuroscience & therapeutics2023

Efficacy and safety of remote ischemic conditioning for acute ischemic stroke: A comprehensive meta-analysis from randomized controlled trials.

Xiuji Kan, Zeya Yan, Fei Wang, Xinyu Tao, Tao Xue, Zhouqing Chen, Zhong Wang, Gang Chen

Open access · goldAbstract readMeta-AnalysisReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in CNS neuroscience & therapeutics, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
19citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
5.1field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

19 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 24 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Remote ischaemic conditioning for preventing and treating ischaemic stroke.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025
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  15. Dialysis and cognitive impairment.Nature reviews. Nephrology · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Xiuji KanDepartment of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
Zeya YanDepartment of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
Fei WangDepartment of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
Xinyu TaoDepartment of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
Tao XueDepartment of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Zhouqing ChenDepartment of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.ORCID 0000-0001-7517-7036
Zhong WangDepartment of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
Gang ChenDepartment of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.ORCID 0000-0002-0758-1907
Soochow University · CNCapital Medical University · CN

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

background and purposeRemote ischemic conditioning (RIC) is a remote, transient, and noninvasive procedure providing temporary ischemia and reperfusion. However, there is no comprehensive literature investigating the efficacy and safety of RIC for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke. In the present study, we performed a comprehensive meta-analysis of the available studies.

methodsMEDLINE, Embase, the Cochrane Library database (CENTRAL), and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched before Sep 7, 2022. The data were analyzed using Review Manager 5.4.1 software, Stata version 16.0 software, and R 4.2.0 software. Odds ratio (OR), mean difference (MD), and corresponding 95% CIs were pooled using fixed-effects meta-analysis.

resultsWe pooled 6392 patients from 17 randomized controlled trials. Chronic RIC could reduce the recurrence of ischemic stroke at the endpoints (OR 0.67, 95% CI [0.51, 0.87]). RIC could also improve the prognosis of patients at 90 days as assessed by mRS score (mRS 0-1: OR 1.29, 95% CI [1.09, 1.52]; mRS 0-2: OR 1.22, 95% CI [1.01, 1.48]) and at the endpoints assessed by NIHSS score (MD -0.99, 95% CI [-1.45, -0.53]). RIC would not cause additional adverse events such as death (p = 0.72), intracerebral hemorrhage events (p = 0.69), pneumonia (p = 0.75), and TIA (p = 0.24) but would inevitably cause RIC-related adverse events (OR 26.79, 95% CI [12.08, 59.38]).

conclusionsRIC could reduce the stroke recurrence and improve patients' prognosis. Intervention on bilateral upper limbs, 5 cycles, and a length of 50 min in each intervention might be an optimal protocol for RIC at present. RIC could be an effective therapy for patients not eligible for reperfusion therapy. RIC would not cause other adverse events except for relatively benign RIC-related adverse events.

Indexed as

Ischemic PreconditioningIschemic StrokeStrokeHumansIschemiaRandomized Controlled Trials as Topicischemiameta-analysisrandomized controlled trialsremote ischemic conditioningstroke

Identifiers

PMID37183341
PMCPMC10401132
OpenAlexW4376630141

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.