ReviewJournal of Parkinson's disease2023
Drugs to the Rescue: Comparison of On-Demand Therapies for OFF Symptoms in Parkinson's Disease.
Review in Journal of Parkinson's disease, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- On-demand therapies-emergency medication or daily routine?Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2026Review
- Nigrostriatal dopaminergic vulnerability in Parkinson's disease: Neuroprotective strategies.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Clinical Use Patterns and Patient-Reported Experience with Inhaled Levodopa in Routine Practice: A Two-Center Study.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Observational
- Motor and non-motor fluctuations in Parkinson's disease: the knowns and unknowns of current therapeutic approaches.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2026Review
- Clinician perspectives on OFF periods in Parkinson's disease: the Spanish PARK-OFF survey-based study.Frontiers in neurology · 2026Article
- Discontinuation or acute unplanned cessation of oral dopaminergic medications in persons with Parkinson's disease: A practice review.Journal of Parkinson's disease · 2025Review
- Clinicians' viewpoints on current paradigms of care and research in Parkinson's disease.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2024Review
- [Inhaled levodopa: from evidence to experience].Revista de neurologia · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Patients with Parkinson's disease often suffer from OFF symptoms disrupting their daily routines and adding to disabilities. Despite polypharmacy and adjustments to medication schedules, they often do not experience consistent relief from their motor symptoms. As the disease progresses, impaired gastric emptying may evolve, making it even more challenging for dopaminergic drugs to provide consistent results. This review focuses on a group of drugs that have the pharmacokinetic advantage of a much earlier onset of action by virtue of their non-oral routes of absorption. We compare the current marketed options: subcutaneous apomorphine, sublingual apomorphine, and inhaled levodopa. Subcutaneous apomorphine is the speediest to take effect, whereas sublingual apomorphine offers the longest clinical effect. Inhaled levodopa has the most favorable side effect profile among the three options. An inhaled form of apomorphine is currently under development, having passed safety and efficacy studies. Each of these drugs has unique characteristics for the user, including different side effect profiles and onset of action. The best choice for a patient will depend on individual needs and circumstances. In this review, we explore those nuances to allow clinicians to select the best option for their patients.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.