ArticleJournal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD2023
Vitreous Humor Biomarkers Reflect Pathological Changes in the Brain for Alzheimer's Disease and Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy.
Article in Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Ocular Signature of TBI: A Narrative Review of Structural Changes and Potential Candidate Biomarkers.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Exploring Alzheimer Disease from a Retinal and Ocular Perspective.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Oculomics: advances and perspectives from traditional Chinese medicine to modern multimodal biomarkers.International journal of ophthalmology · 2026Review
- Review
- Elevated Neurodegeneration Markers in the Aqueous Humor of Primary Open Angle and Normal Tension Glaucoma Patients Correlate With Disease Severity.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Glial fibrillary acidic protein in plasma and intraocular fluids and the correlation with cognitive function in patients with vitreoretinal disease.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Innovations in Alzheimer's disease diagnostic technologies: clinical prospects of novel biomarkers, multimodal integration, and non-invasive detection.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Review
- Neuroinflammatory mechanisms may help identify candidate biomarkers in chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE).Free neuropathology · 2025Review
- Neurodegenerative biomarkers in different chambers of the eye relative to plasma: an agreement validation study.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2024Article
- Diverse Research Teams and Underrepresented Groups in Clinical Studies.JAMA ophthalmology · 2023Article
- Vitreous STMN2 levels reflect TDP-43-associated neurodegeneration in postmortem eyes and brains.Journal of Alzheimer's disease reportsArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPatients with eye disease have an increased risk for developing neurodegenerative disease. Neurodegenerative proteins can be measured in the eye; however, correlations between biomarker levels in eye fluid and neuropathological diagnoses have not been established.
objectiveThis exploratory, retrospective study examined vitreous humor from 41 postmortem eyes and brain tissue with neuropathological diagnoses of Alzheimer's disease (AD, n = 7), chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE, n = 15), both AD + CTE (n = 10), and without significant neuropathology (controls, n = 9).
methodsProtein biomarkers i.e., amyloid-β (Aβ40,42), total tau (tTau), phosphorylated tau (pTau181,231), neurofilament light chain (NfL), and eotaxin-1 were quantitatively measured by immunoassay. Non-parametric tests were used to compare vitreous biomarker levels between groups. Spearman's rank correlation tests were used to correlate biomarker levels in vitreous and cortical tissue. The level of significance was set to α= 0.10.
resultsIn pairwise comparisons, tTau levels were significantly increased in AD and CTE groups versus controls (p = 0.08 for both) as well as AD versus AD+CTE group and CTE versus AD+CTE group (p = 0.049 for both). Vitreous NfL levels were significantly increased in low CTE (Stage I/II) versus no CTE (p = 0.096) and in low CTE versus high CTE stage (p = 0.03). Vitreous and cortical tissue levels of pTau 231 (p = 0.02, r = 0.38) and t-Tau (p = 0.04, r = -0.34) were significantly correlated.
conclusionThe postmortem vitreous humor biomarker levels significantly correlate with AD and CTE pathology in corresponding brains, while vitreous NfL was correlated with the CTE staging. This exploratory study indicates that biomarkers in the vitreous humor may serve as a proxy for neuropathological disease.
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