ArticleFrontiers in public health2023
ChatGPT and the rise of large language models: the new AI-driven infodemic threat in public health.
Article in Frontiers in public health, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 210 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
210 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- [Medical education and artificial intelligence: perspectives and ethical challenges].Revista medica del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social · 2025Pooled it
- Evaluating Generative AI in Mental Health: Systematic Review of Capabilities and Limitations.JMIR mental health · 2025Pooled it
- A systematic review of ethical considerations of large language models in healthcare and medicine.Frontiers in digital health · 2025Pooled it
- Opportunities and challenges of artificial intelligence in public health: a systematic review on technological efficacy, ethical dilemmas, and governance pathways.Frontiers in public health · 2025Pooled it
- Sentiment analysis in public health: a systematic review of the current state, challenges, and future directions.Frontiers in public health · 2025Pooled it
- Internet-based Surveillance Systems and Infectious Diseases Prediction: An Updated Review of the Last 10 Years and Lessons from the COVID-19 Pandemic.Journal of epidemiology and global health · 2024Pooled it
- Sex and gender bias in large language models: an old problem at a new scale.BMJ health & care informatics · 2026Article
- An expert-based assessment of the quality, reliability, understandability, and readability of ChatGPT responses on cerebral palsy.Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery · 2026Article
- Modeling infodemics on a global scale: A 30 countries study using epidemiological and social listening data.PNAS nexus · 2026Article
- Mapping the generative era: a bibliometric and specialty-focused analysis of large language models in healthcare.Visual computing for industry, biomedicine, and art · 2026Article
- Assessment of ChatGPT's Performance on the ACP 2024 National Prosthodontics Resident Exam (NPRE).European journal of dental education : official journal of the Association for Dental Education in Europe · 2026Article
- Examining the Role of Artificial Intelligence in Assessment: A Comparative Study of ChatGPT and Educator-Generated Multiple-Choice Questions in a Dental Exam.European journal of dental education : official journal of the Association for Dental Education in Europe · 2026Article
- From adoption to interaction: examining human-GenAI engagement patterns, ethical tensions, and educational trade-offs in nursing education.BMC nursing · 2026Article
- Evaluation of a Retrieval-Augmented Generation-Based Large Language Model for Evidence-Based Herb and Supplement Information in Cancer Care.JMIR cancer · 2026Article
- LMOD+: A Comprehensive Multimodal Dataset and Benchmark for Developing and Evaluating Multimodal Large Language Models in Ophthalmology.ACM transactions on computing for healthcare · 2026Article
- Applications, Challenges, and Future Directions of Large Language Models in Health Care Communication: Scoping Review.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Article
- How do large language models answer ADHD-related questions? A comparative study of ChatGPT, Gemini, and DeepSeek.BMC psychiatry · 2026Article
- Profiles of artificial intelligence literacy and associations with evidence-based practice competence among nurses: a latent profile analysis.BMC nursing · 2026Article
- The Need for Regulatory Certainty on Medical AI: Lessons From the OpenEvidence Geoblocking in the EU and UK Over the EU AI Act.The Lancet regional health. Europe · 2026Article
- AI chatbots for health information seeking among Chinese patients with precancerous ENT lesions: a descriptive qualitative study.BMJ open · 2026Article
150 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently gathered attention with the release of ChatGPT, a user-centered chatbot released by OpenAI. In this perspective article, we retrace the evolution of LLMs to understand the revolution brought by ChatGPT in the artificial intelligence (AI) field. The opportunities offered by LLMs in supporting scientific research are multiple and various models have already been tested in Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks in this domain. The impact of ChatGPT has been huge for the general public and the research community, with many authors using the chatbot to write part of their articles and some papers even listing ChatGPT as an author. Alarming ethical and practical challenges emerge from the use of LLMs, particularly in the medical field for the potential impact on public health. Infodemic is a trending topic in public health and the ability of LLMs to rapidly produce vast amounts of text could leverage misinformation spread at an unprecedented scale, this could create an "AI-driven infodemic," a novel public health threat. Policies to contrast this phenomenon need to be rapidly elaborated, the inability to accurately detect artificial-intelligence-produced text is an unresolved issue.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.