ReviewTrends in cognitive sciences2023
Childhood socioeconomic status and the pace of structural neurodevelopment: accelerated, delayed, or simply different?
Review in Trends in cognitive sciences, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 74 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
74 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 111 citations in OpenAlex.
- Annual Research Review: Associations of socioeconomic status with cognitive function, language ability, and academic achievement in youth: a systematic review of mechanisms and protective factors.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2025Pooled it
- Cognitive impairment and dementia-Are they linked to childhood health and socioeconomic status? A systematic review.PloS one · 2025Pooled it
- Diminished Returns of Higher Parental Education on Cognition for Black Adults in Middle and Later Life.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2024Pooled it
- Enriched neighborhood environments relate to episodic memory through prefrontal rather than medial temporal pathways during late childhood and early adolescence.Brain and environment · 2026Article
- Associations between chronic placental inflammation, fetal brain development and later autism traits.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Article
- Physical Activity and Adolescent Brain Structure, Mental Health, and Academic Outcomes.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Cascading Periods of Language-Related Brain Plasticity Across Early Childhood.Developmental science · 2026Article
- Altered Postnatal Chromatin Development in the Nucleus Accumbens Primes Enduring Stress Sensitivity.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2026Article
- Cognitive ability in childhood predicts adolescent structural and functional brain development: A longitudinal study.Developmental cognitive neuroscience · 2026Article
- From school climate to brain development: What the ABCD study reveals about the educational context of adolescence.Developmental cognitive neuroscience · 2026Review
- Distinct spatial associations of adversity with hippocampal macro- and microstructure in early adolescence.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- A neuroanatomical basis for co-occurring low attention and low reading ability.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2026Article
- Socioeconomic disparities and health-related parenting practices in shaping early infant neurodevelopment: evidence from a Chinese prospective birth cohort.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Article
- White matter reflects the childhood exposome.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Attentional control as a double-edged sword: Distractor processing and its potential benefits in individuals from lower socioeconomic backgrounds.Psychonomic bulletin & review · 2026Article
- Contribution of Life-Course Socioeconomic Position to Later-Life Brain Volumes in US Hispanic/Latino Adults.Neurology · 2026Article
- Individual differences in adolescent cortical development are associated with neighborhood characteristics: Longitudinal findings from the ABCD study.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2026Article
- Cascading periods of language-related brain plasticity across early childhood.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Deviation in development of dorsal association tracts during preadolescence links to concurrent and future cognitive performance and transdiagnostic psychopathology.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Neurodevelopment Among Publicly Insured Children in the First 5 Years After Infant Heart Surgery.JAMA network open · 2026Article
14 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with children's brain and behavioral development. Several theories propose that early experiences of adversity or low SES can alter the pace of neurodevelopment during childhood and adolescence. These theories make contrasting predictions about whether adverse experiences and low SES are associated with accelerated or delayed neurodevelopment. We contextualize these predictions within the context of normative development of cortical and subcortical structure and review existing evidence on SES and structural brain development to adjudicate between competing hypotheses. Although none of these theories are fully consistent with observed SES-related differences in brain development, existing evidence suggests that low SES is associated with brain structure trajectories more consistent with a delayed or simply different developmental pattern than an acceleration in neurodevelopment.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.