ArticleThe Journal of nutrition2023
Metabolomics Biomarkers for Fatty Acid Intake and Biomarker-Calibrated Fatty Acid Associations with Chronic Disease Risk in Postmenopausal Women.
Article in The Journal of nutrition, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT00000611 (Women's Health Initiative), which is not on this map. Cited by 10 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Women's Health Initiative (WHI)
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Energy intake is associated with dietary macronutrient densities: inversely with protein and monounsaturated fat and positively with polyunsaturated fat and carbohydrate among postmenopausal females.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2025Trial
- Multiomics for Risk Stratification in Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease.Circulation. Genomic and precision medicine · 2026Review
- Biomarkers for dietary fatty acid densities among postmenopausal United States females derived using a habitual-diet human feeding study.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2026Article
- Mitigation of Metabolic Diseases Through Personalized Nutrition: A Critical In-Depth Review.Food science & nutrition · 2026Review
- Metabolomic signatures of dietary carbohydrates and differential association with type 2 diabetes.Nature health · 2026Article
- Hypothalamic Gliosis Is Associated With Multiple Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in the Framingham Heart Study.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Article
- Diet and Chronic Disease Research in the Women's Health Initiative.Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · 2024Review
- Intake Biomarkers for Nutrition and Health: Review and Discussion of Methodology Issues.Metabolites · 2024Review
- Reply to W Willett.The Journal of nutrition · 2023Article
- NMR-based metabolomics: Where are we now and where are we going?Progress in nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopyReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
21 authors at 10 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundA substantial observational literature relating specific fatty acid classes to chronic disease risk may be limited by its reliance on self-reported dietary data.
objectivesWe aimed to develop biomarkers for saturated (SFA), monounsaturated (MUFA), and polyunsaturated (PUFA) fatty acid densities, and to study their associations with cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer, and type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Women's Health Initiative (WHI) cohorts.
methodsBiomarker equations were based primarily on serum and urine metabolomics profiles from an embedded WHI human feeding study (n = 153). Calibration equations were based on biomarker values in a WHI nutritional biomarker study (n = 436). Calibrated intakes were assessed in relation to disease incidence in larger WHI cohorts (n = 81,894). Participants were postmenopausal women, aged 50-79 when enrolled at 40 United States Clinical Centers (1993-1998), with a follow-up period of ∼20 y.
resultsBiomarker equations meeting criteria were developed for SFA, MUFA, and PUFA densities. That for SFA density depended somewhat weakly on metabolite profiles. On the basis of our metabolomics platforms, biomarkers were insensitive to trans fatty acid intake. Calibration equations meeting criteria were developed for SFA and PUFA density, but not for MUFA density. With or without biomarker calibration, SFA density was associated positively with risk of CVD, cancer, and T2D, but with small hazard ratios, and CVD associations were not statistically significant after controlling for other dietary variables, including trans fatty acid and fiber intake. Following this same control, PUFA density was not significantly associated with CVD risk, but there were positive associations for some cancers and T2D, with or without biomarker calibration.
conclusionsHigher SFA and PUFA diets were associated with null or somewhat higher risk for clinical outcomes considered in this population of postmenopausal United States women. Further research is needed to develop even stronger biomarkers for these fatty acid densities and their major components. This study is registered with clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT00000611.
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