SynthesisInternational journal of molecular sciences2023
Topical Treatment for Retinal Degenerative Pathologies: A Systematic Review.
Synthesis in International journal of molecular sciences, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Drug-induced cataract: a real-world study based on the food and drug administration adverse event reporting system database.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Cyclic nucleotide signaling as a drug target in retinitis pigmentosa.FEBS letters · 2025Review
- Mathematical Models of Topically and Intravitreally Applied Ranibizumab.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Multi-loaded PLGA microspheres as neuroretinal therapy in a chronic glaucoma animal model.Drug delivery and translational research · 2025Article
- Deletion of Transmembrane protein 184b leads to retina degeneration in mice.Cell proliferation · 2025Article
- Research on neurotrophic factor for glaucoma: a worldwide bibliometric analysis.International journal of ophthalmology · 2025Article
- How to Fabricate Hyaluronic Acid for Ocular Drug Delivery.Pharmaceutics · 2024Review
- Diabetic Retinopathy: New Treatment Approaches Targeting Redox and Immune Mechanisms.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- The impact of lutein-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles following topical application: An in vitro and in vivo study.PloS one · 2024Article
- PRGF Membrane with Tailored Optical Properties Preserves the Cytoprotective Effect of Plasma Rich in Growth Factors: In Vitro Model of Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The topical administration of medicines is the preferred route in ocular therapy, at least for the anterior segment of the eye. However, the eye's inherent functional and biological barriers all work against the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) to efficiently reach the targeted retinal structures. The main objective of this article is to offer a systematic review of the scientific literature in recent years, focusing on the latest developments of topical treatment intended for retinal degenerative diseases. Database search returned 102 clinical studies, focused on topical treatment for age macular degeneration, macular edemas (in diabetic retinopathy, surgery related or in retinal dystrophies) or glaucoma. After the exclusion of low-powered studies and those combining vitreo-retinal surgery, 35 articles remained for analysis. Currently, the topical treatment of retinal degenerative diseases is limited by the difficulty to deliver effective drug concentrations to the posterior eye structures. However, in the case of drug classes like NSAIDs, the presence of certain molecular and metabolic features for specific representatives makes the topical administration currently feasible in several clinical contexts. For other drug classes, either a fine-tuning of the API's pharmacokinetic profile or the use of more advanced formulation strategies, such as rationally designed nanostructured drugs and vehicles, crystalline polymorphs or supramolecular complexes, could bring the much awaited breakthrough for a more predictable and controlled delivery towards the retinal structures and could eventually be employed in the future for the development of more effective ways of delivering drugs to the posterior eye, with the ultimate goal of improving their clinical efficacy.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.