Observational studyCells2023
Circulatory Serum Krebs von Den Lungen-6 and Surfactant Protein-D Concentrations Predict Interstitial Lung Disease Progression and Mortality.
Observational study in Cells, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Serum surfactant protein D as a significant biomarker for predicting occurrence, progression, acute exacerbation, and mortality in interstitial lung disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of Serum Surfactant Protein D in Interstitial Lung Disease: A Systematic Review.Cureus · 2026Review
- Role of serum biomarkers KL-6, SP-D and CCL-18 in assessing interstitial lung disease in systemic sclerosis: A prospective observational study from India.Lung India : official organ of Indian Chest Society · 2026Article
- Diagnostic Utility of Serum Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6) and Surfactant Protein-D (SP-D) Levels in Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis.La Medicina del lavoro · 2026Article
- Serum KL-6 combined with immune/inflammatory biomarkers identifies complicated silicosis.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2026Article
- Progressive fibrotic interstitial lung diseases in India: national challenges and implications for global health policies.Health research policy and systems · 2025Review
- Application of HRCT-based radiomics to predict interstitial lung disease for juvenile dermatomyositis.BMC pediatrics · 2025Article
- Serum KL-6 and SP-D: Markers of Lung Function in Autoimmune-Related Interstitial Lung Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- A correlation study of serum tumor markers with systemic lupus erythematosus-associated interstitial lung disease.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Risk factors for severe immune-related pneumonitis after nivolumab plus ipilimumab therapy for non-small cell lung cancer.Thoracic cancer · 2024Article
- Biomarkers in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: Current insight and future direction.Chinese medical journal pulmonary and critical care medicine · 2024Article
- Usefulness of Combined Measurement of Surfactant Protein D, Thrombin-Antithrombin III Complex, D-Dimer, and Plasmin-α2 Plasmin Inhibitor Complex in Acute Exacerbation of Interstitial Lung Disease: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Article
- Evaluating the impact of type 2 diabetes mellitus on pulmonary vascular function and the development of pulmonary fibrosis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 4 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
There is a need for biomarkers to predict outcomes, including mortality, in interstitial lung disease (ILD). Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6) and surfactant protein D (SP-D) are associated with lung damage and fibrosis in all ILDs and are related to important clinical outcomes. Though these two biomarkers have been associated with ILD outcomes, there are no studies that have evaluated their predictive potential in combination. This study aims to determine whether KL-6 and SP-D are linked to poor disease outcomes and mortality. Additionally, we plan to examine whether changes in KL-6 and SP-D concentrations correspond with changes in lung function and whether serial measurements improve their predictive potential to identify disease progression and mortality. Forty-four patients with ILD participated in a prospective 6-month longitudinal observational study. ILD patients who succumbed had the highest KL-6 levels (3990.4 U/mL (3490.0-4467.6)) and highest SP-D levels (256.1 ng/mL (217.9-260.0)), followed by those who deteriorated: KL-6 levels 1357.0 U/mL (822.6-1543.4) and SP-D levels 191.2 ng/mL (152.8-210.5). The generalized linear model (GLM) analysis demonstrated that changes in forced vital capacity (FVC), diffusing capacity of lungs for carbon monoxide (DLCO), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), and partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.