ReviewCells2023
Combined Pulmonary Fibrosis and Emphysema: When Scylla and Charybdis Ally.
Review in Cells, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Radiological diversity in rheumatoid arthritis associated with usual interstitial pneumonia (RA-UIP) and its therapeutic implications: towards a generalizable framework of interstitial lung disease treatment.Respiratory research · 2026Review
- Lung mTOR activation leads to lung fibrosis or emphysema via senescence of specific lung cells.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Comparative lobe-specific histomorphometric evaluation of pulmonary architecture, fibrosis, and alveolar macrophage distribution in swine raised under different management systems.Veterinary world · 2026Article
- Combined Pulmonary Fibrosis and Emphysema (CPFE): A "New" Smoking-Related Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD).Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Fibrotic Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis: A Diagnostic Challenge Leading to Lung Transplantation.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Desmosine: The Rationale for Its Use as a Biomarker of Therapeutic Efficacy in the Treatment of Pulmonary Emphysema.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema: a narrative review.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Review
- The Potential Role of Cigarette Smoke, Elastic Fibers, and Secondary Lung Injury in the Transition of Pulmonary Emphysema to Combined Pulmonary Fibrosis and Emphysema.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Is Type and Grade of Emphysema Important for Bone Mineral Density and Aortic Calcifications?Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Pulmonary Hypertension: Unveiling Molecular Mechanisms, Diagnosis, and Therapeutic Targets.Journal of personalized medicine · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE) is a recently recognized syndrome that, as its name indicates, involves the existence of both interstitial lung fibrosis and emphysema in one individual, and is often accompanied by pulmonary hypertension. This debilitating, progressive condition is most often encountered in males with an extensive smoking history, and is presented by dyspnea, preserved lung volumes, and contrastingly impaired gas exchange capacity. The diagnosis of the disease is based on computed tomography imaging, demonstrating the coexistence of emphysema and interstitial fibrosis in the lungs, which might be of various types and extents, in different areas of the lung and several relative positions to each other. CPFE bears high mortality and to date, specific and efficient treatment options do not exist. In this review, we will summarize current knowledge about the clinical attributes and manifestations of CPFE. Moreover, we will focus on pathophysiological and pathohistological lung phenomena and suspected etiological factors of this disease. Finally, since there is a paucity of preclinical research performed for this particular lung pathology, we will review existing animal studies and provide suggestions for the development of additional in vivo models of CPFE syndrome.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.