ReviewCells2023
Animal Models of Drug-Resistant Epilepsy as Tools for Deciphering the Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacoresistance and Discovering More Effective Treatments.
Review in Cells, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 63 citations in OpenAlex.
- Antiepileptic drug therapy in companion animals: New perspectives on clinical pathology monitoring.Veterinary and animal science · 2026Review
- Design, synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of novel 2-aryloxazole-based HMolecular diversity · 2026Article
- Bridging the Gap: Harnessing Phytochemical-Loaded Nanocarriers for Enhanced Epilepsy Treatment.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Central toxic effects of an antitumoral bufadienolide: In silico targets and in vivo findings.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- Comparative Anticonvulsant Efficacy of Natural, Artificial and Cultivated Bovis Calculus in PTZ-Induced Acute Seizures.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Article
- Review
- Rotenone in Drug-Resistant Epilepsy Models: Powerful Tool or Problematic Paradigm?Neurochemical research · 2026Review
- Chronic sleep deprivation promotes drug-resistant epilepsy via the BMAL1-mTOR-P-gp axis.Epilepsia open · 2026Article
- Review
- Review
- Article
- Epilepsy Therapy Screening From 1975 to 2026 and Beyond: Merging Established and New Approaches to Develop Novel Therapies.Epilepsy currents · 2026Article
- Trends in the studies of pharmacoresistant epilepsy- a review based on literature analysis (2015-2025).Acta epileptologica · 2026Review
- Role of Pentacyclic Triterpenes in the Management of Neurological Disorders: An Insight into Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Approaches.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Studies on the anticonvulsant potential of 6-gingerol, an active ingredient of ginger rhizome.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Sleep and circadian rhythm disruptions in animal models of temporal lobe epilepsy.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Review
- The potential of laminar functional MRI in refining the understanding of epilepsy in humans.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2025Review
- Different mechanisms of axitinib and diazepam antiseizure action in pentylenetetrazol-induced kindling model.IBRO neuroscience reports · 2025Article
- Fluvoxamine Attenuates Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption in Drug-Resistance Epilepsy and inhibits Ferroptosis via the Sigma-1 Receptor-TAMM41 signaling in bEnd.3 cells.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
In the last 30 years, over 20 new anti-seizure medicines (ASMs) have been introduced into the market for the treatment of epilepsy using well-established preclinical seizure and epilepsy models. Despite this success, approximately 20-30% of patients with epilepsy have drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE). The current approach to ASM discovery for DRE relies largely on drug testing in various preclinical model systems that display varying degrees of ASM drug resistance. In recent years, attempts have been made to include more etiologically relevant models in the preclinical evaluation of a new investigational drug. Such models have played an important role in advancing a greater understanding of DRE at a mechanistic level and for hypothesis testing as new experimental evidence becomes available. This review provides a critical discussion of the pharmacology of models of adult focal epilepsy that allow for the selection of ASM responders and nonresponders and those models that display a pharmacoresistance per se to two or more ASMs. In addition, the pharmacology of animal models of major genetic epilepsies is discussed. Importantly, in addition to testing chemical compounds, several of the models discussed here can be used to evaluate other potential therapies for epilepsy such as neurostimulation, dietary treatments, gene therapy, or cell transplantation. This review also discusses the challenges associated with identifying novel therapies in the absence of a greater understanding of the mechanisms that contribute to DRE. Finally, this review discusses the lessons learned from the profile of the recently approved highly efficacious and broad-spectrum ASM cenobamate.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.