ArticleCancers2023
c-Met Mediated Cytokine Network Promotes Brain Metastasis of Breast Cancer by Remodeling Neutrophil Activities.
Article in Cancers, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Molecular and Clinicopathological Biomarkers Predicting Brain Metastasis in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Pooled it
- The hypoxic ECM and neutrophils in MIBC immunotherapy resistance.Nature reviews. Urology · 2026Review
- Multi-omics profiling uncovers immune-molecular clusters with distinct chemo-immunotherapeutic vulnerabilities in a mouse model of triple-negative breast cancer.Molecular cancer · 2026Article
- Lipocalin-2 in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: A Review of Its Pathophysiological Role in the Metastatic Cascade.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Role of Neutrophils in Homeostasis and Diseases.MedComm · 2025Review
- IL-9 Promotes Migratory Dissemination of Malignant T Cells by Activating the HIF-1α-Cofilin-1 Axis in Cutaneous T-cell Lymphoma.Molecular cancer research : MCR · 2025Article
- Review
- Antibody-Drug Conjugates for the Treatment of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer with Central Nervous System Metastases.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2024Review
- Neutrophils in the premetastatic niche: key functions and therapeutic directions.Molecular cancer · 2024Review
- Unveiling the Role of HGF/c-Met Signaling in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Tumor Microenvironment.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Review
- Lipocalin-2 promotes breast cancer brain metastasis by enhancing tumor invasion and modulating brain microenvironment.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Review
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
16 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The brain is one of the most common metastatic sites among breast cancer patients, especially in those who have Her2-positive or triple-negative tumors. The brain microenvironment has been considered immune privileged, and the exact mechanisms of how immune cells in the brain microenvironment contribute to brain metastasis remain elusive. In this study, we found that neutrophils are recruited and influenced by c-Met high brain metastatic cells in the metastatic sites, and depletion of neutrophils significantly suppressed brain metastasis in animal models. Overexpression of c-Met in tumor cells enhances the secretion of a group of cytokines, including CXCL1/2, G-CSF, and GM-CSF, which play critical roles in neutrophil attraction, granulopoiesis, and homeostasis. Meanwhile, our transcriptomic analysis demonstrated that conditioned media from c-Met high cells significantly induced the secretion of lipocalin 2 (LCN2) from neutrophils, which in turn promotes the self-renewal of cancer stem cells. Our study unveiled the molecular and pathogenic mechanisms of how crosstalk between innate immune cells and tumor cells facilitates tumor progression in the brain, which provides novel therapeutic targets for treating brain metastasis.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.