ArticleCancers2023
Steroid-Refractory Immune-Related Adverse Events Induced by Checkpoint Inhibitors.
Article in Cancers, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors-associated cranial nerves involvement: a systematic literature review on 136 patients.Journal of neurology · 2024Pooled it
- Impact of steroid-sparing immunosuppressive agents on tumor outcome in the context of cancer immunotherapy with highlight on melanoma: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Pooled it
- Extracorporeal photopheresis versus systemic immunosuppression for treatment of immune-related adverse events: clinical outcomes from the prospective two-arm PRIA study.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Observational
- Severe Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-associated Gastritis Treated with Steroids and Infliximab.Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) · 2026Article
- Wearable bioelectronics for skin cancer management.Biomaterials · 2026Review
- Utilization of Steroid Sparing Agents for Immune-Related Adverse Events (irAEs): Management Strategies and Considerations.Current oncology reports · 2026Review
- Efficacy and safety of disitamab vedotin in treatment of advanced gastric cancer based on real-world.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- IMPDH and GTP Metabolism in Cancer: Mechanisms, Regulation, and Translational Scope.Cancer science · 2025Review
- Cathepsin L as a dual-target to mitigate muscle wasting while enhancing anti-tumor efficacy of anti-PD-L1.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Evidence for optimal treatment of immune-related adverse events needed - should we use extracorporeal photopheresis?Immunotherapy · 2025Article
- Extracorporeal photopheresis as a therapeutic approach for treatment resistant immune-related adverse events in anti-PD-1-treated melanoma patients.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Associated Cutaneous Adverse Events: Mechanisms of Occurrence.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- From tumor to tolerance: A comprehensive review of immune checkpoint inhibitors and immune-related adverse events.Asia Pacific allergy · 2024Review
- Unravelling the Acute, Chronic and Steroid-Refractory Management of High-Grade Neurological Immune-Related Adverse Events: A Call to Action.Brain sciences · 2024Review
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors for Pediatric Cancers: Is It Still a Stalemate?Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Immunologic Profiling of Immune-Related Cutaneous Adverse Events with Checkpoint Inhibitors Reveals Polarized Actionable Pathways.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2024Article
- Toxicity in the era of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Tebentafusp in Patients with Metastatic Uveal Melanoma: A Real-Life Retrospective Multicenter Study.Cancers · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The occurrence, second-line management and outcome of sr/sd-irAEs was investigated in patients with skin cancer. All skin cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) between 2013 and 2021 at a tertiary care center were analyzed retrospectively. Adverse events were coded by CTCAE version 5.0. The course and frequency of irAEs were summarized using descriptive statistics. A total of 406 patients were included in the study. In 44.6% (n = 181) of patients, 229 irAEs were documented. Out of those, 146 irAEs (63.8%) were treated with systemic steroids. Sr-irAEs and sd-irAEs (n = 25) were detected in 10.9% of all irAEs, and in 6.2% of ICI-treated patients. In this cohort, infliximab (48%) and mycophenolate mofetil (28%) were most often administered as second-line immunosuppressants. The type of irAE was the most important factor associated with the choice of second-line immunosuppression. The Sd/sr-irAEs resolved in 60% of cases, had permanent sequelae in 28% of cases, and required third-line therapy in 12%. None of the irAEs were fatal. Although these side effects manifest in only 6.2% of patients under ICI therapy, they impose difficult therapy decisions, especially since there are few data to determine the optimal second-line immunosuppression.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.