ArticleBMC microbiology2023
Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes detected in Ciprofloxacin non-susceptible Escherichia coli and Klebsiella isolated from children under five years at hospital discharge, Kenya.
Article in BMC microbiology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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13 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Fluoroquinolone-resistantMicrobiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Prevalence, resistance profile of ESKAPEE pathogens, and molecular detection of PMQR-associated genes among Levofloxacin-resistant gram-negative ESKAPEE isolates from critically-ill patients.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Article
- Mobile Genetic Elements Associated with Antimicrobial Resistance Across One Health Interfaces in Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Identification of plasmid encodedIranian journal of microbiology · 2025Article
- Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance among extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from hospitalized patients, hospital environment and wastewaters in Cameroon.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Bacterial Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance in Children in Shandong Province, China, 2017-2022: A Multicentre Retrospective Study.Infection and drug resistance · 2025Article
- Mechanisms of fluoroquinolone resistance among Escherichia coli isolates from urinary tract infections in Thailand.PloS one · 2025Article
- Study of plasmid mediated quinolone resistance genes among Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from pediatric patients with sepsis.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Phenotypic and molecular characterization of β-lactamase-producing Klebsiella species among children discharged from hospital in Western Kenya.BMC microbiology · 2024Article
- The Abundance of Plasmid-Mediated Quinolone Resistance Genes inThe Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale · 2024Article
- Antimicrobial resistance in E. Coli of animal origin and discovery of a novel ICE mobile element in Northeast China.BMC veterinary research · 2023Article
- Characterization of Beta-Lactamase and Fluoroquinolone Resistance Determinants inTropical medicine and infectious disease · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe increasing spread of fluoroquinolone resistant enteric bacteria is a global public health concern. Children recently discharged from the hospital are at high risk of carriage of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) due to frequent exposure to antimicrobials during inpatient stays. This study aimed to determine the prevalence, correlates of ciprofloxacin (CIP) non-susceptibility, and distribution of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes in Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Klebsiella spp isolated from children under five years being discharged from two Kenyan Hospitals.
methodsE. coli and Klebsiella spp were isolated from fecal samples from children discharged from hospital and subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) by disc diffusion and E-test. CIP non-susceptible isolates were screened for seven PMQR genes using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Poisson regression was used to determine the association between the carriage of CIP non-susceptible isolates and patient characteristics.
resultsOf the 280 CIP non-susceptible isolates: 188 E. coli and 92 Klebsiella spp isolates identified among 266 discharged children, 195 (68%) were CIP-non-susceptible with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of ≥ 1 µg/mL. Among these 195 isolates, 130 (67%) had high-level CIP MIC = ≥ 32 µg/mL). Over 80% of the isolates had at least one PMQR gene identified: aac(6')lb-cr (60%), qnrB (24%), oqxAB (22%), qnrS (16%), and qepA (6%), however, qnrA was not identified in any isolates tested. Co-carriage of qnrB with acc(6')-lb-cr was the most predominant accounting for 20% of all the isolates. Ceftriaxone use during hospital admission and the presence of extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) production were significantly associated with the carriage of CIP non-susceptible E. coli and Klebsiella spp.
conclusionCIP non-susceptibility is common among E. coli and Klebsiella spp isolated from hospital discharged children in Kenya. Carriage and co-carriage of PMQR, including the newly identified qepA gene, were frequently observed. These findings suggest that children leaving the hospital may serve as an important reservoir for transmission of resistant E. coli and Klebsiella spp to the community. Enhanced surveillance for AMR determinants is critical to inform interventions to control antimicrobial-resistant bacteria.
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