Trial reportBMC pregnancy and childbirth2023
Comparing the effectiveness of virtual and semi-attendance Stress Inoculation Training [SIT] techniques in improving the symptoms of anxiety, depression, and stress of pregnant women with psychological distress: a multicenter randomized controlled trial.
Trial report in BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Digital Health Interventions for Perinatal Depression in Diverse Cultural Contexts: a Systematic Review.Current psychiatry reports · 2025Pooled it
- Effect of stress management based self-care counseling on glycemic control in women with gestational diabetes mellitus: a randomized controlled trial study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Trial
- The effect of computer-based Stress Inoculation Training (SIT) approach on the pelvic pain, depression, and anxiety in students with primary dysmenorrhea: a clinical trial study.BMC medical education · 2024Trial
- Effectiveness of computer-based stress inoculation training (SIT) counseling approach on anxiety, depression, and stress of students with premenstrual syndrome.BMC public health · 2024Trial
- Comparison of Therapist-Guided Versus Self-Guided Internet-Based Stress Inoculation Therapy (ISIT) on Psychological Distress Symptoms in Women After Miscarriage in Iran: A Study Protocol of a Randomized Clinical Trial.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Combined intervention program of serious virtual reality games focused on controllability and Stress Inoculation Training in patients with major depression.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- The Effect of Self-Care Model Counseling Based on Mental Health on Anxiety and Depression of Women With Gestational Diabetes: A Study Protocol of a Randomized Clinical Trial.Health science reports · 2025Article
- A scoping review of digital technologies in antenatal care: recent progress and applications of digital technologies.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Article
- The influence of perceived stress of Chinese healthcare workers after the opening of COVID-19: the bidirectional mediation between mental health and job burnout.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Effectiveness of WhatsApp-based education on improving access to maternal health: A systematic review.Digital healthReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSome studies indicate that more than 10% of pregnant women are affected by psychological problems. The current COVID-19 pandemic has increased mental health problems in more than half of pregnant women. The present study compared the effectiveness of virtual (VSIT) and semi-attendance Stress Inoculation Training (SIT) techniques on the improvement of the symptoms of anxiety, depression, and stress of pregnant women with psychological distress.
methodsThis study was conducted on 96 pregnant women with psychological distress in a 2-arm parallel-group, randomized control trial between November 2020 and January 2022. The semi-attendance SIT received treatment for six sessions, sessions 1, 3 and 5 as individual face-to-face and sessions 2, 4 and 6 as virtual once a week for 60 min continuously [n = 48], and the virtual SIT received six sessions simultaneously once a week for 60 min (n = 48) in pregnant women of 14-32 weeks' gestation referred to two selected hospitals. The primary outcome of this study was BSI-18 [Brief Symptom Inventory] and NuPDQ-17 [Prenatal Distress Questionnaire]. The secondary outcomes were the PSS-14 [Cohen's General Perceived Stress Scale]. Both groups completed questionnaires measuring anxiety, depression, pregnancy-specific stress, and generally perceived stress questionnaires before and after the treatment.
resultsThe post-intervention results showed that the stress inoculation training technique in both VSIT and SIT interventions effectively reduced anxiety, depression, psychological distress, pregnancy-specific stress and general perceived stress [P < 0.01]. Also, the SIT interventions on decreasing anxiety [P < 0.001, η2 = 0.40], depression [P < 0.001, η2 = 0.52] and psychological distress [P < 0.001, η2 = 0.41] were more considerable than that of VSIT. However, There was no significant difference between SIT and VSIT intervention in terms of their effects on pregnancy-specific stress [P < 0.38, η2 = 0.01] and general stress [P < 0.42, η2 = 0.008].
conclusionThe semi-attendance SIT group has been a more effective and practical model than the VSIT group, for reducing psychological distress. Therefore, semi-attendance SIT is recommended for pregnant women.
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