Trial reportNeuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology2023
Long-term safety and maintenance of response with esketamine nasal spray in participants with treatment-resistant depression: interim results of the SUSTAIN-3 study.
Trial report in Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07120477 (Esketamine Versus Crisis Response Planning Versus Enhanced Treatment as Usual for Suicide Prevention), which is not on this map. Cited by 60 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Esketamine Versus Crisis Response Planning Versus Enhanced Treatment as Usual for Suicide Prevention: A Pragmatic Randomized Trial in a Brazilian Municipality (SAVE)
Who cites it
60 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 111 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dose-dependent adverse events of esketamine in treatment-resistant depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Pooled it
- The role of cytochrome P450 polymorphisms in the pharmacokinetics of oral esketamine.The pharmacogenomics journal · 2026Trial
- Safety and efficacy with esketamine in treatment-resistant depression: long-term extension study.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2025Trial
- Esketamine-based treatment, depression-specific metacognitive training, and their combination in treatment-resistant depression: 6-month trajectories of depressive symptoms and rumination in a multicenter observational study.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2026Observational
- Esketamine Use and Attempted Suicide or Intentional Self-Harm Among Individuals with Treatment-Resistant Depression: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Drug safety · 2026Article
- Treatment-resistant Depression in the Post-ketamine Era: Unmet Needs beyond Rapid Response.Clinical psychopharmacology and neuroscience : the official scientific journal of the Korean College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Review
- Hepatic Safety of Ketamine and Esketamine for Treatment-Resistant Depression: A Real-World Cohort Study.Journal of clinical psychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Sustained effectiveness and safety of esketamine for major depressive disorder: a target trial simulation of real-world data.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- Intranasal esketamine: real-world clinical practice in treatment-resistant depression and factors associated with treatment response.BMC psychiatry · 2026Article
- Long-term effectiveness and side-effects of intranasal esketamine in treatment-resistant depression: real-world, single-arm study of over 100 sessions.BJPsych open · 2026Article
- Intranasal esketamine in treatment-resistant depression: long-term dosing patterns and clinical outcomes in a 5-year observational study.Therapeutic advances in psychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Real-world clinical practice, effectiveness and safety of esketamine nasal spray in major depressive disorder patients: a French prospective cohort (ELLIPSE study).Therapeutic advances in psychopharmacology · 2026Review
- Physical Therapy for Treatment-Resistant Depression A Comprehensive Review of Efficacy, Safety, and Evidence Grading.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2026Review
- Real-World Effectiveness and Cost-Differential of Intranasal Esketamine Versus Intramuscular Ketamine.Psychiatric research and clinical practice · 2026Article
- Effectiveness of Intranasal Esketamine on Suicidal Ideation and Depressive Symptoms in Patients with Treatment-Resistant Depression: A Longitudinal Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- The Connectomic Glutamate Framework for Depression: Bridging Molecular Plasticity and Network Reorganization.Brain sciences · 2025Review
- A real-world pharmacovigilance study of adverse events associated with esketamine: disproportionality analysis and detection of potential drug-drug interaction signals.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2025Article
- Rapid-acting NMDA and GABAergic Modulators in Mood Disorders: From Synaptic Mechanisms to Clinical Practice.Clinical psychopharmacology and neuroscience : the official scientific journal of the Korean College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2025Review
- Esketamine in depression: putative biomarkers from clinical research.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2025Review
- Esketamine use in real-world clinical practice in patients with treatment-resistant depression.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD) have higher rates of relapse and pronounced decreases in daily functioning and health-related quality of life compared to patients with major depressive disorder who are not treatment-resistant, underscoring the need for treatment choices with sustained efficacy and long-term tolerability. Adults with TRD who participated in ≥1 of 6 phase 3 "parent" studies could continue esketamine treatment, combined with an oral antidepressant, by enrolling in phase 3, open-label, long-term extension study, SUSTAIN-3. Based on their status at parent-study end, eligible participants entered a 4-week induction phase followed by an optimization/maintenance phase, or directly entered the optimization/maintenance phase of SUSTAIN-3. Intranasal esketamine dosing was flexible, twice-weekly during induction and individualized to depression severity during optimization/maintenance. At the interim data cutoff (01 December 2020), 1148 participants were enrolled, 458 at induction and 690 at optimization/maintenance. Mean (median) cumulative duration of maintenance esketamine treatment was 31.5 (37.7) months (totaling 2769 cumulative patient-years). Common treatment-emergent adverse events (≥20%) were headache, dizziness, nausea, dissociation, somnolence, and nasopharyngitis. Mean Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) total score decreased during induction, and this reduction persisted during optimization/maintenance (mean [SD] change from the baseline to the endpoint of each phase: induction -12.8 [9.73]; optimization/maintenance +1.1 [9.93]), with 35.6% and 46.1% of participants in remission (MADRS total score ≤12) at induction and optimization/maintenance endpoints, respectively. Improvement in depression ratings generally persisted among participants who remained in maintenance treatment, and no new safety signal was identified during long-term treatment (up to 4.5 years) using intermittent-dosed esketamine in conjunction with daily antidepressant.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.