ArticleThe American journal of clinical nutrition2023
Folate and vitamin B12 usual intake and biomarker status by intake source in United States adults aged ≥19 y: NHANES 2007-2018.
Article in The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- U-Shaped Association Between Serum Vitamin B12 and All-Cause Mortality in Adults With Obesity in the United States: A Prospective Cohort Study.Current therapeutic research, clinical and experimental · 2026Article
- Integrating HPLC-determined vitamins A, E and B-complex (BEuropean journal of nutrition · 2026Article
- The Diagnostic Accuracy of Methylmalonic Acid to Detect Inadequate Vitamin B-12 Status Relative to 3cB-12 Was Higher Compared with That of Total Cobalamin and Total Homocysteine in a Cross-Sectional Survey of Apparently Healthy US Adults.Current developments in nutrition · 2026Article
- A Narrative Review of Candidate Biomarkers of Total Fruit and Vegetable Intake.Nutrition bulletin · 2026Review
- Vitamin BThe Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2026Article
- Review
- High-dose folic acid therapy ameliorates gut microbiota dysbiosis in reproductive-aged women with hyperhomocysteinemia.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- The nutritional and health benefits of ready-to-eat-cereal consumption: an updated technical review of global evidence.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Review
- Assessing Osteopathic Medical Student Knowledge of Common Vitamin and Mineral Deficiencies.Cureus · 2025Article
- Article
- Vitamin BClinical nutrition ESPEN · 2025Observational
- Prevalent low Mediterranean diet adherence and low folate status in a Spanish Km 0 Mediterranean coast population.Current research in food science · 2025Article
- Improvement of serum folate status in the US women of reproductive age with fortified iodised salt with folic acid (FISFA study).Public health nutrition · 2024Article
- Review
- Vitamin BInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Distribution and correlates of plasma folate, vitamin B12, and homocysteine in a sample of low-income minority children aged 6 months to 9 years in the U.S.Precision nutrition · 2024Article
- An examination of relationships between vitamin B12 status and functional measures of peripheral neuropathy in young adult vegetarians.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Article
- Observational
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6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundFolate and vitamin B12 are important biomarkers of nutritional status of populations.
objectivesThis study aims to estimate folate and vitamin B12 usual intakes among United States adults and examine folate and vitamin B12 biomarker status by intake source.
methodsWe analyzed data for United States adults aged ≥19 y from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2018 (n = 31,128), during which time voluntary corn masa flour (CMF) fortification was started. Usual intake was estimated using the National Cancer Institute method. Folate intake included folate from natural foods and folic acid from 4 sources: enriched cereal grain products (ECGPs), CMF, ready-to-eat cereals (RTEs), and folic acid-containing supplements (SUP). Vitamin B12 intake was mainly from food and supplements.
resultsThe median natural food folate intake (222 μg dietary folate equivalents (DFE)/d) was below the estimated average requirement (EAR) of 320 μg DFE/d. The proportions of those who consumed folic acid from ECGP/CMF only, ECGP/CMF + RTE, ECGP/CMF + SUP, and ECGP/CMF + RTE + SUP were 50%, 18%, 22%, and 10%, respectively. Median usual folic acid intakes (μg/d) were 236 (IQR: 152, 439) overall and 134, 313, 496, and 695 in the ECGP/CMF only, ECGP/CMF + RTE, ECGP/CMF + SUP, and ECGP/CMF + RTE + SUP folic acid consumption groups, respectively. Overall, 2.0% (95% CI: 1.7%, 2.3%) of adults, all of whom used folic acid supplements, consumed greater than the tolerable upper intake level (UL) of 1000 μg/d folic acid. The median usual vitamin B12 intake (μg/d) was 5.2 for vitamin B12 supplement nonusers and 21.8 for users. Consumption of RTE and/or supplements with folic acid was associated with higher serum and red blood cell folate concentrations. Vitamin B12 supplement users had significantly higher serum vitamin B12 concentrations.
conclusionsFolic acid fortification plays a critical role in helping United States adults meet the folate EAR. At current fortification levels, United States adults who do not consume supplements do not have the usual folic acid intake exceeding the UL.
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