ArticleCell2023
An in vivo neuroimmune organoid model to study human microglia phenotypes.
Article in Cell, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 173 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
173 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Mapping the Cerebral Organoid Landscape: A Systematic Review of Preclinical 3D Models in Neuroscience.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Pooled it
- The utility of animal models in hiPSC-based studies of autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review.Einstein (Sao Paulo, Brazil) · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- The impact of physical exercise on neuroinflammation mechanism in Alzheimer's disease.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2024Pooled it
- A multistage micro-nano biosystem prevents sepsis-associated encephalopathy through coordinated neuroinflammation suppression and gut-brain axis modulation.Bioactive materials · 2026Article
- Article
- Translational modelling of human microglia from cultures to chimeras.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Model Systems infrastructure of the German Center for Mental Health (DZPG): toward an integrated, mechanism-based framework for mental health research.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2026Review
- Engineered thoracic spinal cord organoids for transplantation after spinal cord injury.Nature biomedical engineering · 2026Article
- A Hypothesis Linking Early-Life Adversity to Altered Synaptic Connectivity Through Disrupted Gut Microbiome-Microglia Communication.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Organoids: Key advances, optimization, and technological iterations in their application to neurodegenerative diseases.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Brain organoids as models of extracellular vesicle-mediated human neural communication.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Metabolic reprogramming of microglia: Effects on development, disease, and therapeutic potential.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Microglial states revisited: from homeostasis to disease.Nature reviews. Neuroscience · 2026Review
- Injury and therapy in a human spinal cord organoid.Nature biomedical engineering · 2026Article
- Tutorial: interrogating biology using organoid technologies.Nature protocols · 2026Review
- hiPSC-derived Organoids and Organ-on-chip Systems: New Frontiers in Neural Tube Defect Research.Stem cell reviews and reports · 2026Review
- Brain organoids in Alzheimer disease and related tauopathies: Challenges and opportunities for translational readiness.Stem cell reports · 2026Review
- Development and validation of a long-term co-maturation protocol for human stem cell-derived microglia and neuronal networks.Stem cell reports · 2026Article
- Beyond phenotypic markers: rethinking dopaminergic identity in iPSC-derived neurons.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Review
113 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
16 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Microglia are specialized brain-resident macrophages that play crucial roles in brain development, homeostasis, and disease. However, until now, the ability to model interactions between the human brain environment and microglia has been severely limited. To overcome these limitations, we developed an in vivo xenotransplantation approach that allows us to study functionally mature human microglia (hMGs) that operate within a physiologically relevant, vascularized immunocompetent human brain organoid (iHBO) model. Our data show that organoid-resident hMGs gain human-specific transcriptomic signatures that closely resemble their in vivo counterparts. In vivo two-photon imaging reveals that hMGs actively engage in surveilling the human brain environment, react to local injuries, and respond to systemic inflammatory cues. Finally, we demonstrate that the transplanted iHBOs developed here offer the unprecedented opportunity to study functional human microglia phenotypes in health and disease and provide experimental evidence for a brain-environment-induced immune response in a patient-specific model of autism with macrocephaly.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.