ArticleMolecular brain2023
Modifiable risk factors that mediate the effect of educational attainment on the risk of stroke: a network Mendelian randomization study.
Article in Molecular brain, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cerebral amyloid associated with global cognition is differentially moderated by pulse pressure across education levels in The 90+ Study.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Obesity's Role in Stroke Incidence Among Smokers:Saudi medical journal · 2026Article
- Comparisons of Functional, Physical, and Mental Health Outcomes Among Young and Old Stroke Survivors.Geriatrics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Association between multimorbidity patterns and activities of daily living function among older adults in China: a longitudinal population-based cohort study.BMC geriatrics · 2025Article
- Educational and Socioeconomic Correlates of Stroke Risk Behaviors: Findings from the SPRINT INDIA Trial.Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology · 2025Article
- The major risk factor of stroke across Indonesia; a nationwide geospatial analysis of universal health coverage program.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2025Article
- Mediating factors in the association between educational attainment and stroke: A mendelian randomization study.SSM - population health · 2025Article
- Article
- The interplay between cytokines and stroke: a bi-directional Mendelian randomization study.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Association between tea consumption and stroke in the American adult females: analyses of NHANES 2011-2018 data.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
- Causal relationship between metabolites and embolic stroke: based on Mendelian randomization and metabolomics.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Article
- The causal relationship between human brain morphometry and knee osteoarthritis: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study.Frontiers in genetics · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundStroke is a common cerebrovascular disease with great danger to public health. Educational inequality is a universal issue that influences populations' stroke risk. This study aimed to investigate the causal relationship between education and stroke risk and the contributions of effects mediated by four modifiable factors. MATERIALS AND
methodsPublic large-scale genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary data associated with educational attainment, hypertensive diseases, body mass index (BMI), smoking behavior, time spent on watching the television (TV), and stroke were obtained from European ancestry. The data were used to investigate the causal relationship among educational attainment, hypertensive disease, BMI, smoking, watching TV, and stroke risk. Inverse variance weighted (IVW) method was used as a primary algorithm for estimating causal direction and effect size in univariable and multivariable Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses.
resultsHigher educational attainment was a causal protective factor, while hypertensive diseases, higher BMI, smoking, and longer time spent on watching the TV were all causal risk factors for the risk of stroke. Hypertensive disease, BMI, smoking, and watching TV were all mediators for linking the causal relationship between educational attainment and stroke risk. Hypertensive disease, BMI, smoking, and watching TV explained 47.35%, 24.74%, 15.72%, and 2.29% of the variance in educational attainment's effect on stroke risk, respectively. The explained proportion reached 69.32% after integrating the four factors.
conclusionsThese findings support the causal effect of educational attainment on the risk of stroke, with a substantial proportion mediated by modifiable risk factors. Interventions on these modifiable factors would lead to substantial reductions in stroke cases attributable to educational inequality.
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