ArticleJournal of medical ultrasonics (2001)2023
Relationship between shear elastic modulus and passive muscle force in human hamstring muscles using a Thiel soft-embalmed cadaver.
Article in Journal of medical ultrasonics (2001), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Relationship between medial gastrocnemius viscosity and rate of torque development: new insights into resting muscle viscoelasticity and rapid force production.European journal of applied physiology · 2026Article
- Ultrasound shear wave elastography for the assessment of pelvic floor muscle stiffness: technical and analytical challenges in practice.Ultrasonography (Seoul, Korea) · 2026Article
- Heterogenous quadriceps femoris inter-head but consistent intra-head rigidity changes after voluntary eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage.European journal of applied physiology · 2026Article
- Velocity-Dependent Stress Changes in the Hamstring Muscle-Tendon Complex: A Study Using Human Cadavers.Translational sports medicine · 2026Article
- Mechanical interactions between the biceps femoris long and short heads: Implications for T-junction hamstring injuries.Clinical physiology and functional imaging · 2025Article
- MyotonPRO Is Not Comparable to Shear Wave Elastography in the Measurement of Rectus Femoris Muscle Stiffness due to Interference of Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue.Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports · 2025Article
- Article
- Hamstring Muscle Stiffness in Athletes with and without Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction History: A Retrospective Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeAssessing muscle flexibility and architecture is important for hamstring strain injury (HSI) prevention. We investigated the relationship between shear modulus and passive force in hamstring muscles at different sites and the effect of muscle architecture on the slope of the shear modulus-passive force using shear wave elastography (SWE).
methodsThe biceps femoris long head (BFlh), semitendinosus (ST), and semimembranosus (SM) muscles were dissected from nine Thiel-embalmed cadavers and fixed to a custom-made mechanical testing machine. Calibrated weights (0-1800 g) were applied gradually in 150-g increments. The shear modulus and anatomical cross-sectional area (ACSA) were measured at proximal, central, and distal points using SWE. The muscle mass and length were measured before the loading test. The shear modulus-passive load relationship of each tested muscle region was analyzed by fitting a least-squares regression line. The increase in shear modulus slope per unit load was calculated and compared between the muscles before and after normalization by the muscle mass, length, and ACSA.
resultsThe shear modulus and passive force for all hamstring muscles in each region showed a statistically significant linear correlation. Furthermore, the increase in shear modulus slope was greater for BFlh and ST than for SM (P < 0.05), but after normalization by the muscle length and ACSA, there were no significant differences among the muscles.
conclusionThe local mechanical properties of individual hamstring muscles can be indirectly estimated using SWE, and the slope of increase in shear modulus reflects characteristics of the muscle architecture.
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