Evidence map›Paper›PMID 37169863›Full record

ArticleNature medicine2023

Machine learning for diagnosis of myocardial infarction using cardiac troponin concentrations.

Dimitrios Doudesis, Kuan Ken Lee, Jasper Boeddinghaus, Anda Bularga, Amy V Ferry, Chris Tuck, Matthew T H Lowry, Pedro Lopez-Ayala, Thomas Nestelberger, Luca Koechlin and 14 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature medicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 71 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
71citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

71 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Type 1 and type 2 NSTEMI in atrial fibrillation: insights from the HERA-FIB registry.Clinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society · 2026
    Observational
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Observational
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. High-sensitivity cardiac troponin assays at the point of care.Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine · 2026
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Review
  11. Observational
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Review
  16. Antibody-Empowered Nanomedicine for Precise Biomedical Applications.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
    Review
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Review
  20. Article

11 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

24 authors.

Dimitrios Doudesis *British Heart Foundation/University Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6699-9476
Kuan Ken Lee *British Heart Foundation/University Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3404-4098
Jasper Boeddinghaus *British Heart Foundation/University Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4404-4956
Anda BulargaBritish Heart Foundation/University Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Amy V FerryBritish Heart Foundation/University Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0500-4441
Chris TuckBritish Heart Foundation/University Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4994-6342
Matthew T H LowryBritish Heart Foundation/University Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8972-5136
Pedro Lopez-AyalaCardiovascular Research Institute Basel and Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7787-0640
Thomas NestelbergerCardiovascular Research Institute Basel and Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Luca KoechlinCardiovascular Research Institute Basel and Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Miguel O BernabeuUsher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6456-3756
Lis NeubeckSchool of Health and Social Care, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, UK.
Atul AnandBritish Heart Foundation/University Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6428-4554
Karen SchulzCardiac Biomarkers Trials Laboratory, Hennepin Healthcare Research Institute, Minneapolis, MN, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5268-8711
Fred S AppleDepartments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Hennepin County Medical Center and University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
William ParsonageAustralian Centre for Health Service Innovation, Centre for Healthcare Transformation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Jaimi H GreensladeEmergency and Trauma Centre, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6970-5573
Louise CullenEmergency and Trauma Centre, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6611-8229
John W PickeringDepartment of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9475-0344
Martin P ThanDepartment of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.
Alasdair GrayEmergency Medicine Research Group Edinburgh, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Christian MuellerCardiovascular Research Institute Basel and Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Nicholas L MillsBritish Heart Foundation/University Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK. nick.mills@ed.ac.uk.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0533-7991
CoDE-ACS Investigators

Funding

British Heart Foundation CH/F/21/90010British Heart Foundation FS/18/25/33454British Heart Foundation RE/18/5/34216British Heart Foundation RG/20/10/34966Medical Research Council MR/N013166/1Medical Research Council MR/V007254/1Medical Research Council MR/W000598/1Wellcome Trust
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Although guidelines recommend fixed cardiac troponin thresholds for the diagnosis of myocardial infarction, troponin concentrations are influenced by age, sex, comorbidities and time from symptom onset. To improve diagnosis, we developed machine learning models that integrate cardiac troponin concentrations at presentation or on serial testing with clinical features and compute the Collaboration for the Diagnosis and Evaluation of Acute Coronary Syndrome (CoDE-ACS) score (0-100) that corresponds to an individual's probability of myocardial infarction. The models were trained on data from 10,038 patients (48% women), and their performance was externally validated using data from 10,286 patients (35% women) from seven cohorts. CoDE-ACS had excellent discrimination for myocardial infarction (area under curve, 0.953; 95% confidence interval, 0.947-0.958), performed well across subgroups and identified more patients at presentation as low probability of having myocardial infarction than fixed cardiac troponin thresholds (61 versus 27%) with a similar negative predictive value and fewer as high probability of having myocardial infarction (10 versus 16%) with a greater positive predictive value. Patients identified as having a low probability of myocardial infarction had a lower rate of cardiac death than those with intermediate or high probability 30 days (0.1 versus 0.5 and 1.8%) and 1 year (0.3 versus 2.8 and 4.2%; P < 0.001 for both) from patient presentation. CoDE-ACS used as a clinical decision support system has the potential to reduce hospital admissions and have major benefits for patients and health care providers.

Indexed as

Acute Coronary SyndromeMyocardial InfarctionBiomarkersFemaleHumansMachine LearningMaleTroponin IBiomarkersTroponin I

Identifiers

PMID37169863
PMCPMC10202804

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.